基于水环境模型和数据库的潮汐河网突发水污染事件溯源
Source identification of accidental water pollution in a tidal river network based on a water environment model and database

为快速准确地实现潮汐河网突发性水污染的溯源，提出了基于水环境模型和数据库的溯源方法。以西江、北江佛山段为案例，基于EFDC（environmental fluid dynamics code）和WASP（water quality analysis simulation program）模型建立了研究区域的水动力模型、常规污染物水质模型以及有毒污染物水质模型；识别和筛选了研究区域的水环境风险源，并以此建立有毒污染物溯源数据库和常规污染物溯源数据库；最后以研究案例区内禅城沙口站监测到Cr6+超标为假设情景案例，通过数据库查询，使用反向计算确定3种可能的污染源排放情况下污染物初始排放量，再通过试错法，应用模型正向计算得到最终可能的污染源位置及对应的排放量，快速准确地完成污染物溯源。
Abstract：The source of accidental water pollution can be accurately and quickly identified using a water environment model and database. The Foshan section of the Xijiang and Beijiang Rivers was taken as an example to build a EFDC (environmental fluid dynamics code) hydrodynamic and WASP (water quality analysis simulation program) water quality model. The WASP water quality model included the WASP-EUTRO model for normal pollutants and the WASP-TOXI model for toxic pollutants. The EFDC-WASP model sorts information on the pollutant risk source at each automatic monitoring section to establish a toxic and normal pollutant source identification database. A hypothetical scenario having the Shakou monitoring station in the Chancheng district measuringa high Cr6+ concentration was taken as an example with 3 possible pollutant emission situations identified through a database query. Initial loads for each situation 1-3 were estimated according to a first-order kinetics equation, with the location and load for each situation then calculated by the model. The pollutant source was quickly and accurately identified.