命名方法论与社会科学创新：从《乡土中国》谈起
Methodology of naming and originality of social science research: a reflection on Fei Xiaotong’s Peasant life in China

费孝通先生在1947年于《乡土中国》提出的差序格局概念，一直影响今天学者的研究，成为社会学和关于中国研究的经典命名。一个命名如何才能流传下来？这需要对社会事实的敏锐观察，也依赖命名方法论。本文探讨了《乡土中国》一书中的命名及方法，进一步追溯到早期社会学家经典大师对于社会学方法论的讨论，以及社会学的近亲生物学对于变异和新物种的类型学研究方法，进一步通过归纳和演绎两个维度界定出来四种研究方法的类型，以及在不同类型下的命名方法。在此类型划分的基础上，讨论描述性研究的学术创新价值、命名的学术创新价值和不当命名的表现。
：In 1947, Fei Xiaotong proposed the term of "Diversity-orderly Structure" in his famous book Xiangtu Zhongguo (Native Soil China). This term has been kept using in social science research and became a classical concept in China studies. How does a term become generally used by social scientists? This depends on very good sense of researchers and also depends on sound naming method. This paper focuses on the methodology of naming and its relationship with the originality of research. Through analyzing this term in the book, the author will also discuss the method used by the biologists, especially Darwin