自我主义与社会秩序——关于“差序格局”的再思考
We-relation-based Egocentrism and Social Order: The Rethinking on “Cha-xu-ge-ju”

对费孝通提出的“差序格局”这一经典概念的理解，需要回到《差序格局》以及《乡土中国》的最初语境。一方面，自我主义及其与差序格局的关系需要深究，以理解“私”的内涵。差序格局是中国的基础性社会结构，自我主义是差序格局背后的思维结构。将个人主义作为比较的类型，能够更清楚地考察自我主义的主要方面。另一方面，需要将差序格局放置于乡土社会基础性秩序中进行思考，以理解“私”的限度。在传统社会中，稳定的礼俗与熟悉关系约束着自我主义的动力边界，但随着传统礼治秩序的瓦解，自我主义的动力边界缺乏有效的制约，致使基础性社会秩序的维持成为“问题”，这是“差序格局”以及《乡土中国》所隐含的更重要的问题意识。在社会建设的语境下，讨论自我主义其对社会秩序的影响具有重要的意义。
：It is necessary to go back to the original context of Cha-xu-ge-ju and Xiang-tu-zhong-guo to understand the classical concept “Cha-xu-ge-ju” put forward by Fei Xiaotong. On one hand, to understand “selfishness” (Si), the relationship of Cha-Xu-ge-ju and we-relation-based egocentrism (Zi-wo-zhu-yi) should be concerned with. Cha-Xu-ge-ju” is the fundamental social structure of Chinese society, behind which is the thinking structure, we-relation-based egocentrism. We can discuss about the main aspects of we-relation-based egocentrism clearly by contrast with individualism. On the other hand, we should put Cha-Xu-ge-ju into the whole fundamental rural social order, to understand the boundary of we-relation-based egocentrism. In traditional society of China, the etiquettes and customs had controlled the boundary of we-relation-based egocentrism. However, the traditional etiquettes and customs based on Confucian ethics had been weakening, which led to a problem that the constraints on we-relation-based egocentrism are not enough. How to maintain the fundamental social order becomes a serious problem. Under the background of social construction, it is meaningful to discuss we-relation-based egocentrism and its influences on social order