文字与法律演化：卢曼系统理论的视角
Writing and Legal Evolution: In the Perspective of Systems Theory

卢曼功能分化视野下的法律实现自创生和规范封闭是一种非线性、充满偶在性的演化过程。在其中，文字扮演了实现法律系统二元符码产生、区分形成、悖论重新组合等实现法律自我指涉和自我组织功能的重要角色。法律的演化是一个漫长的过程，其中需要回应社会的复杂性增加，也需要与文字作为社会一般性象征性沟通媒介的演化共同发生。基于立法与解释的现代形式理性法律演化为的是解决社会沟通与社会期望双重偶在性的问题，文字促成了这一演化过程，但并不决定这一演化过程的方向，文字为法律反事实的规范期望形成提供途径，又在法律不断演化的过程中形成新的不确定性，使得新的演化成为可能，也使得社会的可能性不断增加。
： Under the functional differentiation theory of Niklas Luhmann, law’s autopoiesis and nor?mative closure is achieved by non-linear and contingent evolution. Among all the elements, writing has helped the law system’s binary code to emerge, the formation of distinctions, and the re-organization of paradoxes, of which functions helped made law self-referential and self-organizational. Law’s evolution is a long process, and it needs to face with the increase of complexity in society, and it also needs the coevolution of writing as a symbolically generalized medium, writing played its role in this process, but writing cannot decide which direction this evolution will lead to. Writing provides medium for the formation of counterfactual expectation of law, while at the same time forms the new indeterminacy in law and makesthe further evolution possible and the society’s possibility increase