社会权利之根据探究 ——从马歇尔的范式出发
What are The Foundations of The Social Right? From Marshall’s Paradigm

对于个人为什么能够从国家获得某些现金、实物、服务，通行的理论解释是个人作为国家的公民拥有社会权利。然而，公民社会权利的根据又是什么？对此很少有人进行必要的追问。对公民的社会权利，英国社会学家马歇尔的论述最具影响力。但是，他并没有给出社会权利的确定不疑的根据。马歇尔主要是依据公民的政治权利解释公民的社会权利，从而将公民社会权利的根据归结为公民表达出来的意见。然而，如果公民的社会权利是以公民意见为根据的，公民从国家获得福利的权利就将完全被公民意见的变化所左右。实际上，马歇尔所谓的社会权利就是公民从国家获得必要的福利的权利，公民的这种权利是有客观事实基础的。只有将公民的这种权利置于客观事实基础上，国家对其公民福利的责任才可能是确定的，不会被轻易扩张或消减的。 关键词：公民身份 社会权利 自然资源
：Persons get some money, goods and service from state that has been regarded as the social right of citizen by T. H. Marshall. Marshall's discourse has an extensive influence in the welfare theory. However，there are two issues that need to be clarified. First, the so-called social right is the right of citizens to receive certain benefits from the state, that is the right of citizens' welfare; Second, only when the right of citizens' welfare be put on the basis of the objective facts, it can have a solid foundation and the state responsibility to the welfare of citizens can be determined. Key words citizenship social right natural resource