纳入与排除：卢曼系统理论的第三演进阶段？
Inclusion and Exclusion: The Third Phase in Luhmann’s Systems Theory?

系统理论并不存在以纳入与排除为基本解释工具的理论第三演进阶段。系统理论并没有否认现实社会中存在的功能系统分化不完全与“沟通不能”现象。卢曼对系统理论基本维度的论述包含了纳入与排除概念的所有意涵。但是，纳入与排除概念也并不是多余的，它们是系统理论的“个体性”维度，也是系统理论对“社会如何可能”问题的深层次回应。赞成第三阶段论的观点并没有注意到上述系统理论维度，赞成论者也并没有注意到在纳入与排除规则中一阶观察与二阶观察的交替使用。系统理论研究现有文献并没有指出这些错误，第三阶段论阻碍了系统理论自身维度的展开。
：The systems theory does not have a third phase in terms of inclusion/exclusion. Systems theory does not deny the fact there are “de-differentiation” and “impossibility for communication” in reality. Luhmann’s systems theory’s basic theoretic underpinnings have already been able to explain inclusion and exclusion. But, the idea of inclusion and exclusion are not redundant. They are the “individualization” dimension of systems theory, and they are also the answer to the fundamental issue in social theory “how society is possible”. Those who agreed that there is a third phase in systems theory did not notice the aforementioned theoretical underpinnings, and they also ignored the first and second order observations are interchangeable in inclusion and exclusion. Literatures in systems theory did not point to those errors. The proposition of “third phase” in systems theory hampered the development of systems theory and its application