大众主义传统与法制理性：国家处理社会矛盾的“双轨制”——来自华北X县的案例观察
Populist Policy Style and Legal Rationality: Double-track approach of Dealing with Social Conflicts

改革开放至今，在矛盾化解和权益救济领域，尽管法制的重要性被不断强调，对当代中国的基层民众而言，上访显然仍是更加简单、便利且更具潜在收益的选择。本文以信访和诉讼为例，讨论国家应对社会矛盾过程中所呈现出的大众主义与法制理性两种政策导向的“双轨制”特征，以及这种双轨模式如何影响了基层民众在纠纷解决方面的策略选择。本文的案例与讨论揭示出，在权利救济领域制度化与大众主义的紧张关系可能造成法治精神在文本和实践上的脱节：正式制度之外的基层信访巩固了行动者对于行政权威的认知，排斥了作为权益救济途径的诉讼与正式规则制度的作用空间，使“权利”、“法治”等沦为策略性的说辞而非切实可行的维权武器。这不仅可能造成政府公信的流失，也阻碍了现代、理性、公正的纠纷解决机制的确立。
：The value of “institutional rationality” has been widely accepted and acquired considerable emphasis in contemporary China’s policy process since the latest few decades. However, it is observed that a “populist” policy style, besides institutional rationality, is also adopted in social contention arena. While the institutional supply and “rule of law" discourse encourage a modern, rational dispute setting approach, there is a populist policy orientation and activism in local practice, especially in grass-root governing routine and contentious interaction. The case and analysis of this paper reveals that this double-track policy style is actually trading off the spirit of “rule of law”, compromising the authority of formal rules, and in the long run, undermines the establishment of a modern, just social dispute resolution mechanism, and may finally lead to a loss in government credibility