法律视野下若干体育规则的国籍歧视分析
Nationality Discrimination of Some Sport Rules from Law Perspective

摘要：国籍歧视是一种新的歧视类型，是指基于国籍而给予人的不平等待遇。欧盟为一体化需要，在经济领域禁止基于国籍的歧视，职业体育属于经济行为，在欧盟职业体育领域亦禁止基于国籍的歧视。采取文献资料法、规范分析法、比较分析法等研究方法，对相关体育规则是否构成国籍歧视进行分析，研究结论表明欧洲足联的“3+2”规则和国际足联的“6+5”规则在欧盟实施，构成了国籍歧视。而欧洲足联本土培养球员制度则符合欧盟禁止国籍歧视的要求。俄罗斯在足球和曲棍球中也存在限制外国运动员的规则，在特殊情形下，也有可能构成国籍歧视。研究为适时修改我国的外援政策提供了理论支撑。
Abstract: Nationality discrimination is a new type of discrimination which means that people receive different treatments because of their nationalities. For the need of integration, European Union forbids nationality discrimination in economy field. As a part of economy, European Union also forbids nationality discrimination in profession sports area. This paper analyzed some sports rules whether they have nationality discrimination or not by the methods of literature review, norm analysis and comparison. The result showed that “3+2” Rule passed by UEFA and “6+5” Rule passed by FIFA in Europe constitute nationality discrimination. But the UEFA Home-Grown Player Rule conforms to the requirement. Some rules restricting foreign athlete also exist in Russian soccer and hockey, which may cause nationality discrimination in some special circumstance. This research provided theoretical support to amend China’s foreign athlete policy