梁启超“新民”体育思想之研究
Liang Qichao’s Physical Education Ideology for Cultivating “New People”

摘要：以文献资料法为主要研究方法，在大量阅读梁启超著作和学界对梁启超所做研究的基础上，梳理出梁启超关于培育“新民”的言论和实践，构建出梁启超的“新民”体育思想体系。研究得出，梁启超围绕如何铸造“新民”这一国民性改造问题在体育方面形成了“进化、尚动的生命观”、“爱国尚武的体育道德观”、“三育并重的体育教育观”、“强国保种的妇女、儿童体育观”等思想。梁启超的“新民”体育思想在中国体育发展史上具有重要的历史价值：他把具有尚武精神的“新民”视为国家强盛之基础，倡导国民的体育主体地位；他基于国家利益至上原则将体育上升到国家战略层面，由此体育成为中国思想启蒙和构建民族认同的重要阵地；他主张“德智体”全面发展的教育，推动了体育在教育领域地位的确立；他的女性身体观为我国妇女的解放和女性体育的发展奠定了基础。虽然梁启超的“新民”体育思想具有工具理性的历史局限性，但是它促进了国人现代意识的觉醒，推动了中国社会和体育由传统向现代的转型，使中国走上了国际竞争的自强之路。梁启超所开启的国家主权和“新民”塑造的观念成为主导百余年来中国体育发展的主旋律，对我国当代体育事业发展和公民教育仍具有重大的历史借鉴意义。
Abstract: On the basis of reading a lot of works and papers of Liang Qichao and about Liang Qichao, this paper combed Liang Qichao’s comments and practices on cultivating “new people” and constructed his new people physical education ideology system by the method of literature review. The results showed that his physical education ideology includes evolutionary and active life view, patriotic and martial morality view, all-round development view of physical education, and the viewpoint of power strong and racial conservation in women and children. All his views are about how to renew the national feathers of Chinese. His physical education ideology for cultivating “new people” has important historical value in the developing history of physical education in China. He has considered that “new people”, who has martial spirit, is the basis of national strong, and has advocated their subjective status. Based on national interest, he promotes physical education to the national strategy level, which made physical education be the important base to Chinese ideology renaissance and national identity construction. He stands for all-round developing education of moral, mind and body, which promoted physical education’s status establishment in the education field. His views on women’s body pushed the development of women liberation and laid a foundation for female sports in China. His “new people” physical education ideology promoted Chinese people’s modern consciousness and the transformation of Chinese society and sport from tradition to modern even the ideology has some historical limitation of instrumental rationality. Liang Qichao’s concepts of national sovereignty and “new people” cultivating became the main melody of China sport development in the last century and have great historical significance for current China sports enterprise development and citizen education