武术师资培养问题反思
Reflection on the Training of Wushu Teachers

摘要:“百年大计，教育为本；教育大计，教师为本”。武术教师是武术教学的指导者和技术、知识的传递者，在武术教育改革之“戏”中，扮演着非常重要的角色。综合运用文献资料、问卷调查、专家访谈等研究方法，对武术师资培养方面存在的问题进行反思。主要观点：1）武术师资的主体来源是各高等院校武术专业毕业生，由于受报考条件限制，使该专业学生在技术能力上因循了竞技体育的“项目化”特点，导致普通学生武术学习的需求与武术师资的技能存在差异，体现了“选材”环节上的先天不足。。2）在武术师资培养模式上未能做到“亡羊补牢，为时未晚”，而是延续了竞技领域项目培养方式，一味注重专业方向的划分，忽视相互之间的联系，忽视综合素质的锻炼；在技术主干课程设置上仍以项目分化后的专项主干课程为主，缺少纵向上对拳种内涵的挖掘和横向上对武术范围内其他项目的关照；在课程教学模式上局限于专项的狭隘视野内，缺少对武术作为一种中华文化形态所具有的形下之器与形上之道、符号与意义、型与法的兼顾。最后针对武术师资培养存在的问题提出了初步解决思路。
Abstract: “Hundred years' policy based on education; while the education policy based on teachers”. Wushu teachers are the director, passer of skill and knowledge of Wushu teaching; they play a very important role in Wushu’s education reform. This study reflected on the problems existed in the training of Wushu teachers by the methods of literature review, questionnaire investigation and expert interview. Main conclusions: 1) The main source of Wushu teachers are college Wushu major graduates who have the “project” characteristic of competitive sports in technical ability due to restriction of recruitment conditions. This leads to a gap between the needs of the ordinary students' Wushu learning and the skills of the Wushu teachers, which embodies the deficiency of athletes selection. 2) The training mode of Wushu teacher fails to do “It’s not too late”, it continues the training mode in competitive sports field, pays attention to the division of professional direction, neglects the relationship among majors, and ignores the training of comprehensive quality; its main technology curriculum are project courses, lacks mining on Chinese boxing connotation in longitudinal direction and lacks a horizontal view of other items in the range of martial arts; its courses teaching mode is limited in the narrow vision of “project”, lacks consideration to both of the device and the metaphysical, symbols and meaning, movements and methods which Wushu has when we take it as a form of culture. Finally this study puts forward a preliminary solution to the problems existed in the training of Wushu teachers