乡土武术传承实践的历程反思及其现代化转型的路径探索
Reflection of Inheritance Practice Process of Rural Wushu and the Exploration of Its Modernization Path

摘要：乡土武术是植根于乡土中国或传统社会的文化样态，是没有进行现代化转型或正处在现代化转型中的传统武术。在田野调查的基础上，运用文献资料等方法对在现代化转型中遭遇困顿的乡土武术的传承实践进行了反思，对其当下的生存价值进行了寻绎，以及对其现代化转型的路径进行了探索，为乡土武术的现代化转型提供理论依据。研究认为乡土武术的传承离不开国家元场域的影响以及传承人的核心主导，师徒传承应为主轴，师生传承应为主力，技术体系应创新，门户认同应强化；乡土武术的保护与传承体现了“保护文化多样性”的需要，它是地方文化的象征与标签，是现代教育体系中文化传承的有效载体，其作为民俗活动的复归，是推动当前乡村文化建设的可行途径，同时它还是开展武术研究的新田野；乡土武术在当下的文化传承应推动传承人的职业化，建立和强化政府主导的制度保障，继续推进拳术进校园，重拾和加固门户的集体记忆，以创新发展适应和满足社会需要。
Abstract: Rural Wushu is a cultural modality rooted in the rural China or traditional society, it is a traditional Wushu that has not undergone modernization transformation or is in the process of modernization. Based on the field work and the method of literature review, this study rethought the inheritance practice of the rural Wushu which was frustrated in the modernization, and analyzed its current existence value, and also explored its path of modernization, hoped to provide theoretical basis for the modernization of rural Wushu. The study holds that the inheritance of rural Wushu cannot be separated from the influence of the national meta-field and the core leading role of the inheritors. The inheritance of teachers and apprentices should be the main axis, the inheritance of teachers and students should be the main force, the technological system should be innovated, and the portal identity should be strengthened. The protection and inheritance of rural Wushu embodies the need of "protecting cultural diversity"; it is the symbol and label of local culture, the effective carrier of cultural inheritance in modern education system, and as the return of folk activities, it is a feasible way to promote the current rural cultural construction; at the same time, it is a new field for Wushu research. At present, the inheritance of rurall Wushu culture should promote the professionalization of the inheritors, establish and strengthen the system guarantee led by the government, continually promote boxing into the campus, and restore and strengthen the collective memory of the portal, in order to innovate and develop to meet the needs of society