动作发展视角下幼儿韵律性身体活动开展与设计的调查研究
An Investigation on Development and Design of Preschool Children’s Rhythmic Physical Activities in the Perspective of Motor Development

摘要：采用问卷调查法和专家访谈法，从动作发展的视角分析目前幼儿韵律性身体活动开展和设计中存在的问题与不足，为促进我国幼儿的动作发展水平提供参考。调查表明：韵律性身体活动广泛分布于幼儿体育活动、音乐教学活动和舞蹈活动中。大多数的幼儿园都自主设计韵律性身体活动，且需求量大；教师对活动设计的理念把握得较好，认同在设计活动时应该遵循幼儿的身心发展规律和相关的设计原则，但多数教师在设计实践中不清楚不同年龄幼儿具体的动作发展特征是什么，很难依据幼儿动作发展特征与规律设计韵律性身体活动；教师能够认同“动作”在活动设计时的核心要素地位，但多数教师凭直觉设计活动，不知道具体应该选择哪些动作内容，势必影响幼儿动作发展的效果；教师对自己设计的韵律性身体活动评价不高，感觉自主设计活动较为困难，教师还需要不断提高对幼儿动作发展的认识，补充关于幼儿动作发展的知识，明确幼儿阶段应该学习和掌握的基本动作模式与技能，提高实践操作能力，科学地设计出韵律性身体活动。
Abstract: This study analyzed the problems and deficiencies in the design and development of rhythmic physical activities from the perspective of motor development by the methods of questionnaire investigation and expert interview, in order to provide reference for promoting children's motor development level in our country. Conclusions: Rhythmic physical activities are wildly distributed in sports activities, music activities and dance activities. Most kindergartens design rhythmic physical activities by themselves; teachers have a good grasp of the concept of activity design, agree that the activity design should follow the laws of children’s physical and mental development and related design principles, but most of them are not clear about specific motor development, physiological, psychological development characteristics of young children at different ages, and fail to design rhythmic physical activities from the perspective of motor development; teachers can identify the core position of “action” in activity design, but most of them design activities by intuition, don’t know how to choose motors, which will affect the effect of children’s motor development; teachers do not have a high evaluation of rhythmic physical activity, and feel difficult to design activities by themselves. Therefore, teachers need to improve the understanding of children's motor development, complement related knowledge, identify basic skill models and techniques, and strengthen practical ability to scientifically design rhythm physical activity