关于中国专业体育院校发展定位的思考——兼论体育院校的改革发展
Thoughts on the Development Orientation of Chinese Professional Sport Academy——Reform and Development of Sport Academy

摘要：在高等体育院校的办学历史上，一直存在着“体”“教”之争，这是发展定位层面的问题，也是一个需要不断探索的动态性发展问题。20世纪50年代，我国高等体育院校创办初期的办学定位：以体为主，主要源自于国家发展的需要、教育发展的需要和体育发展需要。在此后的办学历程中，体育院校“以体为主”的办学方向受到了60～70年代举国体制的形成（体育体制）和高等教育“大众化”发展进程中偏向教育（教育体制）的两次“冲击”。体育院校面临专业大而全、行业特色淡化、办学力量分散、教育资源稀释的困境。在体育领域、高等教育领域深化综合改革的背景下，作为行业特色型院校，体育院校如何保持和强化自身办学特色，实现可持续发展，是我们必须思考和谋划的一个重大议题：（一）调整优化战略布局，主动服务国家战略需求；（二）在体育系统职能的重新定位中承担起培养精英竞技体育人才的使命；（三）建立以运动项目为核心的体育学学科体系，为国家和行业发展提供智力支撑；（四）引进推广新兴项目，为我国运动项目的丰富发展作贡献；专业体育院校的改革发展应该在推进我国从体育大国向体育强国迈进的历史进程中，体现更重要的价值，发挥更重要的作用。
Abstract: In the history of sport academy, there has always been a dispute between “sport” and “teach”, which is a problem of development orientation, and also a problem of dynamic development which needs continuous exploration. In 1950s, the school orientation of the initial stage of China's higher sport academy was mainly based on sports, from which the development needs of our country, education and physical education. Since then, the orientation of sport academy were “attacked” twice, by which the formation of the whole nation system (sports system) from 60 to 70s and the biased education in the development of the “popularization” of higher education. The sport academies faced many difficulties, such as the large and whole of majors, dilution of industry characteristics, dispersion of power and dilution of educational resources. Under the background of deepen comprehensive reform in the fields of sports and higher education, as the industry characteristic universities, how to maintain and strengthen the characteristics of running schools and how to realize the sustainable development was a major issue must to be considered and planed. (1) Adjust and optimize the strategic layout, and actively serve the national strategic needs; (2) Undertake the mission of cultivating elite sports talents in the reorientation of sports system function; (3) Taking sport events as the core, establish the sports discipline system in order to provide intellectual support for the national and industry development; (4) Introduce and promote new projects in order to make contributions to enrich the development of sport events in China. The reform and development of professional sport academy should embody more important value and play a more important role in the historical process of promoting our country from a major sports country to a world sports power