大学生健身意识和健身行为对体质影响的追踪研究
The Impact of Exercise Consciousness and Behavior on College Students' Fitness: A tracking Study

摘要：目的：探讨影响大学生体质状况的健身意识和健身行为因素，构建影响大学生体质水平的健身意识和健身行为模型，为提高大学生体质与健康水平提供理论借鉴和模型参考。方法：运用广义估计模型（GEE）分析大学生体质的影响因素，以健身意识和健身行为因素（共15个指标）为自变量，山西省8所大学385名大学生（2011—2014）3年的纵向追踪体质测试成绩为因变量，控制年龄、性别2变量作用，构建大学生体质水平与健身意识和健身行为模型。结果：大学生体质水平与健身意识和健身行为模型指标为锻炼对健康的作用、消遣娱乐的健身目的、锻炼运动量、自行车和力量健美项目。回归方程如下：?=36.07+1.96X消遣娱乐的健身目的+4.25X锻炼对健康作用+2.71X自行车+3.52X力量健美+ 21.86X运动量1+23.84X运动量2+24.3X运动量3+26.22X运动量4+24.08X运动量6+21.11X运动量9。结论：1)健身意识层面提高大学生体质水平，“加强大学生对运动促进健康的认识”、“宣传运动带来快乐的理念”是两个突破口。2)提高大学生体质水平最有效周训练量为：每周3～4次×每次30～60 min。3)提高大学生体质水平有效的运动形式为有氧训练（如自行车）和/或力量训练。
Abstract: Objective: This study attempted to explore the factors of exercise consciousness and behavior on which affect college students' fitness and thus building the model, in order to provide theoretical and the model reference for improving the students' fitness and health level. Methods: The author analyzed the influence factors of students' fitness by using generalized estimation model (GEE) analysis method, to construct college students' physical level and exercise consciousness and behavior model, with the exercise consciousness and behavior factors (15 indicators in total) as independent variables, the longitudinal tracking physical test scores of 385 college students in 8 universities of Shanxi Provence in the past 3 years as dependent variable, and age and gender variables controlled. Results: Indexes for the model are the role of exercise in health, fitness purpose for entertainment, amount of exercise, exercise bike and strength fitness programs. The regression equation is as follows: ?=36.07+1.96Xentertainment fitness goal + 4.25XExercise effect on health + 2.71Xbicycle + 3.52XStrength fitness programs + 21.86Xamount of exercise1 + 23.84Xamount of exercise2 + 24.3Xamount of exercise3 + 26.22Xamount of exercise4 + 24.08X amount of exercise 6 + 21.11Xamount of exercise9. Conclusions: 1) To raise the physical fitness level of college students in fitness consciousness, the two breakthroughs are “to strengthen college students' awareness of sports health promotion” and “to propaganda the idea that sports can bring happiness”. 2) The most effective training amount for college students are 3 to 4 times per week and 30 to 60 minutes every time. 3) The effective forms to raise the physical fitness level of college students are aerobic training (e.g. bicycle) and / or strength training