训练年限、训练类型对大学生运动员心电图影响分析
Effect of Training Years and Training Types on ECG of College Student Athletes

摘要：目的 分析训练年限、训练类型对大学生运动员心电图 (electrocardiogram,ECG)的影响。方法 通过整群抽查，对840名竞技体育专业大学生入学体检时进行十二导联心电图检查并分析。结果 随着运动年限增加，大学生运动员正常心电图检出率下降（P<0.05）；大致正常心电图的检出率增加（P<0.05）。耐力型训练大学生正常心电图检出率低于力量型训练大学生（P<0.05），大致正常心电图检出率高于力量型训练学生（P<0.05）。 窦性心动过缓、左室高电压、早复极、不完全右束支传导阻滞的发生率在训练年限长的运动员和耐力型训练的男运动员中发生率高（P<0.05）。异常心电图发生率和训练年限、训练类型无关。结论 窦缓、左室高电压、不完全右束支传导阻滞和早复极属于常见与训练相关的心电图改变；但ST-T改变、室内传导阻滞、完全性束支传导阻滞、早搏、预激综合征等属于不常见的与训练无关的心电图改变，遇到运动员心电图此类改变要进一步检查，排除潜在病理性心血管疾病。
Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of training years and training types on college athletes’ electrocardiogram (ECG). Methods: By cluster sampling, 12 leads ECG were used in 840 students of competitive sports major during entrance physical examination. Results: Number of Normal ECG decreased as training years increased (P < 0.05), while number of generally normal ECG increased (P < 0.05). Compared with strength training students, less endurance training students have normal ECG (P < 0.05), but more of them have general normal ECG (P < 0.05). Incidence rates of sinus bradycardia, left ventricular high voltage, early reploarization, and incomplete right bundle branch block increased in male athletes with long training years and endurance training (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between incidence rate of abnormal ECG and training years, training types. Conclusions: Sinus bradycardia, left ventricular high voltage, incomplete right bundle branch block and early repolarization are common changes related to sports training, but ST-T change, intraventricular block, complete bundle branch block, the?earlier?heart?beats, WPW syndrome are uncommon changes and not related to sports training. It is necessary to do further examination if athlete has uncommon ECG changes for eliminating potential cardiovascular diseases