美学视阈下国际跳水评分规则形成与发展进程中的理性审视
Rational Examination on the Formation and Development Process of International Diving Score Rules in the Perspective of Aesthetics

摘要：采用文献资料法并结合哲学、美学与心理学的相关理论，探讨美学视阈下国际跳水评分规则形成与发展过程中的变化情况。研究如下：1）从美学角度理性地审视国际跳水评分规则，可以发现近百多年规则的不断修订和完善体现了人们对于审美由朦胧到确定，最终有了具体可操作的量化指标；2）美学原理中的形式美与国际跳水的形式和内容高度统一及契合，体现在：审美主体对于难度的掌控和开发自始至终与跳水动作技术美所融合，跳水动作技术美始终制约着跳水的完成情况；3）竞技跳水“难”与“美”是对立统一的，竞技跳水运动的基础在于“立美”，无论多么难和尖的动作，首先应该具备美的价值。而“立难”代表着竞技跳水动作符号的结构新奇和新颖，不断开发新的难度就会创造出新的动作生命力从而显示神韵。未来竞技跳水发展的主要方向还是“美”与“难”的和谐发展。
Abstract: This paper analyzed the changes of formation and development process of international diving score rules in the perspective of aesthetics by the methods of literature review, philosophical theory, aesthetical theory, and psychological theory. Conclusions: 1) The continuous revision and development of rules in the past one hundred years has showed that human aesthetics experienced from blur to clear, and finally some operable quantitative indexes were formed. 2) Aesthetics’ beauty in form highly fits with form and content of diving, which demonstrated that aesthetic subjects’ control and development of difficulty always inosculate with beauty of diving movement. The beauty of diving movement always restricted its execution. 3) Difficulty and beauty are unity of oppositeness in competitive diving. The basic of competitive diving is to perform beauty. No matter how hard of the movement, it must be beautiful firstly. And difficulty stands for novelty of competitive diving. To continuously develop new difficulty will create new vitality and verve. The main development direction of competitive diving will still focus on harmony development of beauty and difficulty in the future