优秀女子网球运动员职业过渡阶段年度训练与参赛规律研究
Annual Training and Competition Law of Elite Female Tennis Players in Occupation Transition Period

摘要：通过文献资料法、专家访谈法和数理统计法，透过对优秀女子网球运动员职业过渡阶段年度参赛的多项指标进行分析，旨在为我国处于该阶段的优秀女子网球运动员的成长提供参考。结论如下，年度训练周期安排以“板块”小周期训练为主，采用赛练结合的小周期训练模式；赛间训练是网球运动员训练年度周期划分的一种灵活方式，训练内容、时间与强度与比赛强度和成绩有关，比赛强度越大，调整和恢复训练比重越大。比赛获胜时，运动员更容易接受教练员安排的训练内容。优秀女子网球运动员17岁进入职业过渡阶段，其完成职业过渡阶段路径可归为普通型、数量型和效率型三种类型，这与运动员身体条件和打法类型有关，高大型运动员以参赛效率为主，而身体条件较好的选手以参赛数量为主。根据运动员的打法特点，选择性参加快速或慢速场地比赛，且尽可能参加高级别赛事。运动员通常以2~3站比赛作为一个参赛单位，参赛密度逐渐增加，高级别数量增多，效率型运动员全年参赛级别呈“倒U型”分布，普通型运动员参赛级别差异性最小，数量型运动员参赛级别差异最大。
Abstract: This study analyzed the indexes of annual competition of elite female tennis players in occupation transition period by the methods of literature review, expert interview and mathematic statistics, in order to provide reference for the development of elite female tennis players in China. Conclusions: The annual training cycle is arranged in “plate” small cycle combining training and competition. Inter match training is a flexible way to divide the annual cycle of tennis players training. The training content, time and intensity are related to competition intensity and performance, the greater the intensity of the game, the greater the proportion of training adjustment and recovery. When the game is won, athletes are more likely to accept the training of coaches. Elite female tennis players starts the occupation transition stage from 17 years old; their way to finish occupation transition stage can be divided into ordinary type, quantity type and efficiency type, which is associated with their physical condition and competition type; most large athletes are efficiency type, most players with good physical condition are quantity type. According their play type, players choose fast or slow venues games and more high-level events. They usually take the 2~3 races as a participating unit, and the competition density and high-level competition quantity are gradually increasing. The competition level of the efficiency type players participated in is inverted “U” shape, and the ordinary type players’ has the least difference which the quantity type players’ has the most difference