“竞技”与“语言”：对体育与语言流变关系的语言哲学思考与谱系学考察
“Athletics” and “Language”: Language Philosophy Thinking and Genealogical Investigation of Relationship Between Sport and Language

摘要：针对体育概念定义的语言工具问题，“人工语言”派与“自然语言”派形成了体育的“语言之争”。从语言哲学的两个基本问题，语言的存在之维与语言意义之维的区分出发，“语言之争”的双方都偏重了语言意义之维，而忽视了语言的存在之维。谱系学的方法则能规避“语言之争”中两方理论视域所带来的盲点，使哲学概念融于历史考据之中，将古希腊、中世纪、文艺复兴三个时代竞技活动视为三个不同时代的体育“语言场域”，审视其中“竞技”与“语言”此消彼长的关系。通过谱系学的考察，“竞技”与“语言”之间的关系更多的受制于“美德”因素在体育“语言场域”中的“在场”与“缺席”，及“美德”因素与“竞技”、“语言”的亲疏关系。由此形成了体育的“语言场域”中语言由存在之维向意义之维让渡的过程，最终呈现为当代体育的“语言之争”。由此发现，语言问题是展开体育学中展开谱系学考察的先导，谱系学为体育哲学与体育史研究的融合形成了契机。
Abstract: In view of language tools to define sport concept, the "artificial language" school and the "natural language" school form the "language dispute" of sports. From the two basic problems of language philosophy, the two dimensions of language existence and language meaning, both sides of the "language dispute" emphasize language meaning, but ignore language existence. The method of genealogy can avoid the blind spot brought about by the theory of the two party of language dispute, and make the concept of philosophy blend in historical textual research. This study regards the competitive activities of the three ages of ancient Greece, the middle ages and the Renaissance as the "language field" of sports in different times, and examines the relationship between "Athletics" and "language". Through the study of genealogy, the relationship between "athletics" and "language" is more influenced by the "presence" and "absence" of "virtue" in the "language field" of sports, and by the relationship between "virtue" and "athletics" and "language". Thus, the process of language from existence dimension to meaning dimension is formed in “language field” of sport, and it presents the “language dispute” of contemporary sport. It is found that language problems are the forerunner of developing genealogy in sport, and genealogy has formed an opportunity for the integration of sports philosophy and sports history research