现代五项运动竞赛规则演进与我国应对策略
Competition Rule Evolution of Modern Pentathlon and China’s Coping Strategies

摘要：目的：拟通过剖析百年现代五项运动竞赛规则的演进过程与内因，探讨我国现代五项运动发展的应对策略。方法：研究通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法对奥运会现代五项运动竞赛规则变化、规则内容体系的渐进性及成绩结构特征进行研究。结果：竞技运动项目的形成发展既有其技术形态演进的推进，也有竞赛规则适应性变化的内驱力作用。作为目前竞技体育领域中运动项目内部运动形态差异最大，竞技主导能力各异的典型代表，现代五项运动在百年的发展历程中，各个单项比赛规则与办法的适应性变化引导和促进着现代五项运动的竞技者们的训练理念、方法、组织实施等方面日渐系统化和科学化。结论：中国的现代五项运动在30多年的发展中，通过建立快速应对运动竞赛规则变化的联动机制，科学配置与综合利用现代五项运动的训练资源，精心设计与组织赛前准备工作，应对参赛风险，减少比赛失误率，重视梯队建设，重视人才梯队的衔接等方面的应对策略，顺应了现代奥林匹克运动发展趋势的路子，取得了令人瞩目的参赛成绩。
Abstract: Purpose: This paper analyzed China’s coping strategies in modern pentathlon by profiling its competition rule evolution and internal cause in the last century. Methods: Using literature and logic analysis methods to study modern pentathlon competition rule changes, progress rule content system, and score structure characteristics. Results: The development of competitive sports is the consequence of technique evolution and internal drive of adaptive changes in competition rules. Modern pentathlon, the greatest differences in internal sport form and typical representative of various leading factors in current competitive sports, has undergone great adaptive changes in rules of individual events competition during one century’s development, which ultimately gave rise to the systematization and scientification of training ideas, methods, and organization. Conclusions: China modern pentathlon got outstanding achievements in the last over 30 years by the way of establishing a linkage mechanism to response rule changes quickly, allotting and utilizing training resources in a scientific way, designing and organizing pre-competition preparation carefully, responding to risks in competition and decreased competition errors, and paying attention to echelon building of talents and the link of talent teams. These coping strategies conformed to the development trend of modern Olympics