校园足球发展的顶层设计与底层回应
Top-Level Design and Bottom-Level Response of Development of Campus Football

摘要：校园足球改革已经成为中国足球改革和教育体制改革过程中的重要话题。为了进一步完善校园足球发展的理论基础，运用文献资料等研究方法对校园足球顶层设计与底层回应的相关问题进行分析，认为：1）旧有校园足球改革的弊端主要局限在竞技至上的思维仍然影响着体育在学校发展的定位，“体教结合”的错位、“课业压力”、经费投入与政策扶持等因素影响着校园足球的发展质量；2）新的校园足球改革顶层设计的核心实际上就是教育体制的改革；3）校园足球改革顶层设计的方向、内容和路径应该说相对明确，但是质量评估环节的设计和制度保障等具体细节有待于进一步论证和完善；4）在培养青少年足球运动员的训练竞赛体系、探索课余训练高水平化，促进校园足球市场化和社会化方面的保障机制，教练员以及师资培养上的专业化，校园足球品牌赛事的创立，运动员的培养回归国民教育“学训矛盾”等具体细节的核心问题仍需要进一步论证；5）以校园足球改革推动教育体制改革的关键是需要创立新型的考评机制，使其成为升学考试和获取自身利益的重要抓手；6）校园足球发展外部环境的营造则来源于制度保障。
Abstract: The reform of campus football has become an important topic in football reform and education system reform in China. This study analyzed the top-level and bottom-level response of campus football by the method of literature review, for further perfecting the theoretical basis of development of campus football. Conclusions: 1) The drawback of the old campus football reform is that the thinking of competitive sports supremacy is still affecting the orientation of sport in school development. The mismatch of “combination of sport and?education”, academic pressure, financial input and policy support are influencing the quality of campus football. 2) The core of top-level design of the new campus football reform is the reform of the education system. 3) The direction, contents and path of top-level design of the campus football reform are relatively clear, but the details of top-level design such as the design of quality assessment and system guarantee, need to be further verified and improved. 4) Core issues still need further demonstration, including the training and competition systems for cultivating young football players, the guarantee mechanisms for exploring the high-level after-class training and promoting the marketization and socialization of campus football, the professionalization of coach and teacher training, the creation of brand event of campus football, athletes cultivation returning to national education, and contradiction of study and training. 5) The key to promote education system reform by campus football reform is to create new evaluation mechanism, and make it become an important starting point for the entrance examination and to obtain self-interest. 6) The construction of external environment of campus football development comes from system guarantee