基于LifeMoD对体操运动员踏跳过程的仿真研究
A Simulation Study of the Board Contact Phase in Gymnastics Based on LifeMoD

摘要：目的：旨在探讨人-器械相互作用过程中的动力学关系为后期优化踏板技术提供理论基础。方法：在LifeMoD中建立19个环节的多体动力学模型和助跳板，并展开助跳板力学特性的仿真研究。结果：踏跳过程中体操运动员受到的踏板反作用力峰值随着助跳板弹簧的刚度、阻尼以及板面体刚度的增加而增大，而随着板面体阻尼的增加而减小；增加助跳板弹簧的刚度能有效地提高体操运动员踏板后的垂直起跳速度，而改变助跳板弹簧的阻尼以及板面体的刚度和阻尼则影响不明显；增加助跳板面体的阻尼虽能减小踏板反作用力的峰值，但其负载率也明显增大。建议在满足人体肌骨系统能够承载的生理范围内，适当地增加助跳板的刚度有助于完成更高难度的技术动作。
Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this paper was to explore the kinetic relationship between human and apparatus, and providing the theory basis to optimize the techniques of springboard take-off. Methods: Nineteen Segments multi-body dynamics and the springboard was developed in LifeMoD, and the simulation study of mechanical properties of springboard was finished. Results: The peak board reaction force (BRF) increased with the increment of spring’ stiffness and damping and board’s stiffness, but it decreased with increase of the board damping. Take-off velocity in vertical direction can be effectively increased by strengthening the stiffness of spring, but it cannot be changed by modifying the spring’ damping and the board’ stiffness and damping. Although the peak BRF decreased when the board damping increased, loading rate improved significantly. The results suggested that appropriately increasing the springboard’ stiffness will be helpful to perform more difficult movements in meeting the physiological range of human skeletal system