网络体育组织发展:虚拟与现实的挑战
Development of Network Sports Organization: Challenge of Virtualization and Reality

摘要：旨在认识网络体育组织的本质和特征，发挥网络体育组织在全民健身中的作用，规避网络体育组织发展中的问题，为更有效的引导、扶持、监管网络体育组织提供理论和实践依据。研究方法：采用观察法、调查法等方法，选择网络体育组织的成员进行访谈，并参与其中观察“线下”的体育活动。主要结论与建议：网络体育组织是借助互联网技术而实现的自主、自治、自我协调与自我管理的新型体育组织，这类组织的数量、规模呈加速发展态势，实现了虚与实，即“线上”与“线上”的互动与参与方式；网络体育组织实现了隔空、隔区域、虚拟个体身份参与体育的诉求，满足了不同社会群体平等、开放、共享、互助参与体育的目的和权利，突破了正式体育组织的形态；对于松散性、无边际性的网络体育组织，制定法律法规面临挑战。新型的网络备案与监管是突破口；新兴和户外体育运动借助于网络体育组织发展趋势明显，但现实中参与者之间的信任脆弱、安全问题制约了这类组织的可持续发展。关注网络体育组织发展的规模、数量及发挥的作用、制定和完善网络体育组织发展的法律法规、重视网络体育组织开展新兴和户外体育项目的安全问题势在必行。
Abstract: This study aimed at recognizing the essence and characteristics of network sports organization, then exerting its advantages in nationwide fitness programs and avoiding its development problems. This study provided a more effective theoretical and practical reference for guiding, supporting, and supervising network sports organization. Methods: We interviewed some members of network sports organization and participated in their offline activities by the methods of observation and investigation. Conclusions and suggestions: Network sports organization is a new type sports organization that realized autonomy, self-rule, self-coordination, and self-management by internet technology. This organization had an accelerated development trend in quantity and scale, and realized interaction and participation between online and offline; it achieved claim of sports participation of individual identity who are in the air, cross-regional, and virtual; it satisfied the purpose and right of different social groups for their equal, opening, sharing, mutual help of sports participation. These all broke the form of formal sports organization. Meanwhile, making laws and regulations are challenged by these loose and no-boundary network sports organizations. We suggested that building up new internet record and supervision are the breaking-through. New rising or outdoor sports activity has an obvious development trend to enable itself with the help of network sports organization, but is lack of trust and safety issues that restrained sustainable development. Following closely its development scale, quantity and function, enacting and improving relative laws and regulations, emphasizing its safety in new rising and outdoor sports programs are imperative