优秀男子曲棍球运动员跑动能力训练效果的评价
Evaluation on the Effects of Running Ability Training in Elite Male Hockey Players

摘要：目的：对优秀男子曲棍球运动员为期2个月的跑动能力训练进行训练监控，分析训练的效果及机制，验证训练计划的合理性和有效性，为我国优秀男子曲棍球运动员的体能训练和训练监控提供实证参考。方法：在全国锦标赛前对19名男子曲棍球运动员，实施为期2个月的跑动能力训练，在训练前后进行有氧能力、无氧能力、专项体能的测试与评价。结果：1）训练后，绝对摄氧量水平不变，相对摄氧量水平前后有显著性差异（P<0.05），递增负荷恢复期的血乳酸显著下降（P<0.01）；最大功率、平均功率等指标训练前后没有显著性差异，但运动后的血乳酸与跑动能力训练前相比显著下降（P<0.01）。2）与训练前相比，3000m跑成绩显著提高(P<0.001)；立定跳远、30m跑有不同程度的提高，训练前后无显著差异，5×25m折返显著提高（P<0.01）。结论：1）训练前，运动员的有氧能力达到优秀运动员的水平，爆发力低于国家队队员水平，而速度耐力高于国家队队员的水平。2）研究所制定的有氧能力训练、无氧能力训练和混氧能力训练计划可有效提升运动员跑动能力，运动员的爆发力、速度耐力和有氧能力均明显提高。
Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the rationality and effectiveness of 2-month running ability training in elite male hockey players for physical fitness training and training monitor of Chinese players. Methods: Aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, specific physical fitness of 19 male hockey players were tested before and after 2-month running ability. Results: 1) Subjects’ Vo2Max didn’t change after training, but Vo2Max/BW changed significantly (P < 0.05); the blood lactic acid decreased in recovery state after graded exercise testing (P < 0.01); there are no significant differences in maximum power and average power before and after the training, but the blood lactic acid decreased after training (P < 0.01). 2) Compared with pre-training, the performance of 3000m run improved after training (P < 0.001); it doesn’t change in standing long jump, 30m run, but it in 5 x 25 m shuttle run significantly increased (P < 0.001). Conclusions: 1) Before training, these subjects’ aerobic capacity reach the level of elite athletes, their explosive force is lower than national team’ but their speed endurance is higher than national team’. 2) In this study, the training plan of aerobic capacity, anaerobic training and combing aerobic with anaerobic capacity can effectively improve athletes’ running ability, and athletes’ explosive force, speed endurance and aerobic capacity are significantly improved