国家赛艇队MH2-队员划桨技术指标体系的构建
Constructing Rowing Technique Index System of MH2- Rowers in National Rowing Team

摘要：目的：构建国家赛艇队MH2-划桨技术指标体系。方法：采用Dr.Valery Kleshnev团队研发的赛艇运动生物力学信息采集系统，对国家赛艇队16名MH2-队员进行了划桨技术测试，借助路径分析、因子分析等统计方法构建指标体系。结论：①国家赛艇队MH2-划桨技术指标体系包括艇速、划桨效率、躯干手臂驱动、时间、桨力等五大类指标，对划桨技术的贡献率基本一致；②一个划桨周期中，最大艇速与最小艇速差值、艇速标准差都可以有效反映转桨蹬腿过程中艇速的衰减程度；最大艇速和最小艇速都是越大越好，艇速变化越小越好。国家赛艇队MH2-运动员可以通过减小艇最大加速度、艇倾斜幅度来减小艇速变化；③打滑幅度是影响有效划幅%的重要指标（β=-0.97）。出水打滑、拉桨相对深度、回桨平均高度、回桨最大高度是影响打滑幅度的有效指标。国家赛艇队MH2-运动员可以通过减小出水打滑幅度和回桨最大高度、加大拉桨相对深度和回桨的平均高度来减少打滑幅度；④国家赛艇队MH2-队员躯干手臂驱动幅度和角度的相关系数为-0.92。队员可根据个人用力特点，调整躯干手臂驱动幅度和角度，提高桨力-时间曲线的后弧饱满度；⑤回桨时间是制约拉桨节奏最主要的因素，国家赛艇队MH2-队员可通过减小收腿平均速度和收腿桨角系数缩短回桨时间；⑥国家赛艇队MH2-队员可以通过加快蹬腿速度、减慢拉桨速度，来增大拉桨平均力。
Abstract: Purpose: This study aimed at constructing rowing technique index system in national MH2- rowing team. Methods: The rowing biomechanical information acquisition system developed by Dr.Valery Kleshnev team was used to test rowing technique of 16 national MH2- rowers, and the index system of rowing technique was constructed by path analysis, factor analysis and so on. Conclusions: 1) This rowing technique index system of MH2- rowers includes boat speed, stroke efficiency, trunk and arm driving, time, and oar force, which have the same contribution rate of rowing technique. 2) In a stroke cycle, the difference between maximum and minimum boat speed and its standard deviation can effectively reflect the degree of boat speed attenuation in the process of rotating propeller kick; the maximum and minimum boat speeds are the faster the better, but change of boat speed is the smaller the better. MH2- rowers can reduce the maximum acceleration and tilt amplitude to decease the change of boat speed; 3) Slip angle is an important index to affect effective stroke length (β = -0.97). Release slip, relative depth of pulling, average and maximum heights of recovery are effective indexes to influence slip amplitude. 4) The correlation coefficient between driving range and angle of trunk and arm is -0.92. Players can adjust the trunk arm driving amplitude and angle for improving back arc plumpness of oar force-time curve, according to their individual characteristics. 5) Recovery time is the key factor to affect stroke rhythm, and MH2- rowers can shorten it by reducing the average velocity of drawing back feet and by decreasing the recovery angle. 6) MH2- rowers of the national rowing team can improve average force of pulling oar by accelerating kick speed and by slowing speed of pulling oar