太极拳典型动作与行走、广场舞、慢跑运动的膝关节动力学的仿真比较分析
Simulation Comparison of Knee Dynamics Among Tai Chi, Walking, Square Dance and Jogging

摘要：目的：通过非损伤方式对太极拳、行走、广场舞、慢跑4种典型运动中膝关节胫骨平台的压力、力矩、载荷率进行了仿真计算，比较了太极拳与其它典型动作中膝关节胫骨平台动力学参数的差异。方法：运用ADAMS人体运动仿真软件，通过高速摄像、动作捕捉系统和三维测力台，获取了4种运动形式的数据参数，建立了太极拳、广场舞、慢跑、行走动作人体仿真模型。结果显示：膝关节垂直压力峰值，太极拳与行走、广场舞差别不大，但低于慢跑，且载荷率在4种运动中最小；而摆动腿矢向剪压力峰值在4种运动形式中无差异，但太极拳运动载荷率最低；在横向关节力峰值上，太极拳与广场舞、行走接近但小于慢跑，且太极拳载荷率最小；从屈、伸峰值力矩上看，太极拳低于慢跑、广场舞；但在内收、外展及旋内、旋外峰值力矩上，太极拳运动形式高于行走运动。结论：研究所建立的仿真模型真实性和可靠性较高(R21=0.956和R22=0.905)，且方法简便；太极拳与行走对膝关节的载荷影响较一致；在额状面内，膝关节内外侧髁在对抗接触负荷上扮演着重要作用；太极拳膝关节力矩在额状面内绕矢状轴内收、外展力矩较其它两面的峰值力矩大；在矢状面内，太极拳峰值力矩最小，慢跑运动膝关节力矩峰值最大。?这反映出太极拳运动在矢状面引起运动损伤的可能性较小，也有助于解释报道中其他运动矢状面内损伤发生率一般都高于额状面和水平面的原因。
Abstract: Objective: This study did simulation calculation of knee tibial plateau’s pressure, torque and load rate in Tai Chi, walking, square dance and jogging by noninvasive method, and analyzed differences of knee’s kinetic parameters between Tai Chi and other kinds of exercise. Methods: ADAMS human motion simulation software, high-speed camera, motion capture system and three-dimension force platform were used to collect data of four kinds of exercise, and the simulation models of human body of Tai Chi, square dance, jogging and walking were established. Results: There are no differences of knee vertical peak pressure and horizontal peak pressure among Tai Chi, walking and square dance, but theirs are lower than jogging’s, and Tai Chi has the smallest load rate in four kinds of exercise. There are no differences of shear peak pressure in vertical plane of swing leg among four kinds of exercise and Tai Chi has the smallest load rate. Peak flexion and extension torques of Tai Chi are lower than those of jogging and square dance, peak adduction, abduction, internal rotation and external rotation torques in Tai Chi are higher than those in other three kinds of exercise. Conclusions: The established simulation model is simple and has high authenticity and reliability (R21=0.956, R22=0.905). The effect of Tai Chi and walking on knee load rate is similar. In frontal plane, knee medial and lateral condyle play important roles in resisting contacted load. The peak adduction and abduction torques of Tai Chi are higher than other peak torques. In vertical plane, peak knee torque is minimum in Tai Chi but is maximum in jogging, which indicates that the vertical plane injury reduced by Tai Chi is rare, the injury rate in vertical plane of other three kinds of exercise is higher than in frontal plane and horizontal plane