难美项群空中身体翻转动作类型与构架研究
Types and Framework of Air Flips in Difficulty and Beauty Events

摘要：鉴于当前世界竞技体育项目的高速发展，为了更好的适应新形势变化，针对表现难美性项群中自由体操、单跳、蹦床、跳水和空中技巧五个项目中，身体动作的主因子“空中身体翻转动作”进行分析研究，目的是通过该研究，能够对项目间的相互借鉴、以及项目技术的相互支撑起到一定的帮助作用，并对项目的发展具有一定的实际意义。文章通过文献资料法、访谈法、录像分析法等科学研究方法进行系统分析，得到以下结论：1）空中身体翻转动作是运动员身体在空中围绕运动轴完成单向或多向翻腾和转动的技术动作，是五个表现难美性项目的核心技术。2）依时间的递进进行观察和描述，一个完整的身体翻转动作包含起动加速、起跳、空中翻转、落停4个相互连接的技术环节。3）自由体操和单跳的空中身体翻转动作常以多式样的空中身体翻腾转体难度动作直接连接另一个空中身体翻转难度动作。4）空中身体翻转技术动作的递进式发展历程可分为五个发展阶段：单一翻腾阶段；单一的翻腾或旋转阶段；复合翻转阶段；多翻多转及“叠加”翻转阶段和自由体操与单跳进入突出平面挂串连接阶段。5）发展表现难美性项群空中身体翻转动作的对策设计为：及时研究、积极适应国际评分规则的变化，科学把握空中身体翻转动作的有序性发展规律， 主动发掘空中身体翻转技术动作的创新途径。
Abstract: Based on the rapid development of current competitive sports, in order to adapt to the new situation, this paper analyzed the air flips in five difficulty and beauty events which are floor exercise, single-hop, trampoline, diving and aerial skills, to help events learn and support from each other, and to promote events development. Literature review, interview, and video analysis methods were used in this study. Results: 1) Air flip is the skill of athlete’s body rotating in one or multiple ways in the air, and it is the core skill of the five difficulty and beauty events. 2) A whole air flip includes acceleration, take off, air flip and landing in time order. 3) Floor exercise and single-hop always contain air flips one by one. 4) The development process of air flip can be divided into five phases, which are single flip phase, single rotation phase, composite flip phase, multiple or superposition flips phase, floor exercise and single-hop enlarge room with hanging string connecting phase. 5) Studing and adapting to the new international grading rules, grasping the development rule of air flip, and diging new way can develop air flip in difficulty and beauty events