转变体育发展方式进程中的项目协会改革
Sports Association Reform in the Process of Changing Sports Development Way

摘要：项目协会改革是全面深化体育改革，转变体育发展方式的关键环节之一。运用文献资料法、内容分析法、历史分析法等研究方法，就项目协会改革的历史、现状以及未来改革路径进行分析。研究认为：1）历经实体化改革试点以及管理中心两个改革阶段以后，当前项目协会进入了从同构到脱钩、建立独立社团法人实体的改革阶段。2）当前项目协会改革主要以地方协会和部分非奥项目协会先行先试，重点领域以及深层次改革尚未启动。3）在社会组织改革浪潮下，项目协会改革面临的主要问题是协会组织性质不明、组织机构与政府同构、组织功能缺失、管理体制和运行机制不规范、职能定位不明晰以及可能出现的既得利益集团抵制干扰。4）推进项目协会改革，在组织上必须与政府脱钩，确保组织独立性。撤销管理中心建制，划归社会组织序列；健全协会组织建设，实现从虚体到实体的转变；规范协会管理体制和运行机制，实现从他治到自治：实现项目管理职能由管理中心向协会转移；在具体工作中，要提高项目协会服务社会与国家的能力，为改革奠定良好的外部环境。
Abstract: Sports association reform is one of keys for comprehensively deepening sports reform and changing sports development way. This study analyzed the history, present situation, and future way of sports association reform by the methods of literature review, content analysis and historical analysis. The results showed that: 1) Current sports association reform has moved in stage, which is from the homogeneous to the decoupling and cultivating independent corporation, after substantiation reform experimentation stage and management center stage. 2) Current reform focused on local associations and non-Olympics events, but key areas and deep reform has not yet started. 3) In the tide of social organization reform, sports organization reform will face unclear organization property, similarity with government, function deficiency, nonstandard manage system and running system, unclear function position, vested interests’ disturbance. 4) In order to promote association reform, we must let it be an independent organization and disconnect with government; cancel administrative center and classify it to social organization; improve organizational building and realize the transition from empty body to entity; standard management system and running system and realize autonomy; shift administrate function from administration center to organization; improve organization’s ability to serve society and nation in specific work and construct good environment for the reform