身体锻炼对中老年人数字运算能力影响的ERPs研究
Effect of Physical Exercise on Middle-Aged and Elder People’s Mathematical Computing Ability: Evidence from ERP

摘要：目的：采用事件相关电位技术考察中老年人身体锻炼对数字运算能力老化延缓作用。方法：30位中老年参与者参与本研究，剔除无效数据，剩余有效参与者26人。使用德国Brain Products公司的ERP记录与分析系统记录参与者完成数字运算任务(简单加减运算测验)时的EEG信号。结果：1)行为学上，锻炼组反应时为2 153.847±589.919 ms，非锻炼组反应时为3 098.449±773.798 ms，进行独立样本t检验显示，2组别反应时差异可靠，t=-3.500，P<0.01。2)脑电方面，在顶点Pz上，锻炼组P200-300波幅为3.396±1.913 mv，非锻炼组P200-300波幅为1.718 7±0.716mv；中央点Cz上，锻炼组P200-300波幅为5.180±2.251mv，非锻炼组P200-300波幅为3.516 7 ±1.192mv。对2组别的P200-300波幅进行差异检验，发现2组别的P200-300波幅的差异显著，F(1,24)=7.834，P<0.05，partial η2=0.246，2个电极点上P200-300波幅的差异也可靠，F(1, 24)=59.381，P<0.001，partial η2=0.712。电极点和组别之间交互作用不可靠，F(1,24)=0.976，P>0.05。结论：有氧锻炼延缓了数字运算能力的老化速度，体现在大脑机能上是锻炼者较非锻炼者的ERPs（P200-300）波幅更大，能够动员更多的神经元同步兴奋。这提示在数字认知加工的早期阶段，锻炼者与非锻炼者脑内即出现加工的差异，锻炼者的认知加工资源动员程度更高。
Abstract: Objective: ERP technical was used to test the effect of physical exercise on middle-aged and elder people’s mathematical computing ability. Methods: Thirty middle-aged and elder people were invited to participate in this study. Four people were eliminated because of EEG artifacts and the accuracy of less than 95%. EEG signals of mathematical computing tasks (simple addition and subtraction tests) were recorded and analyzed by ERR (Germany Brain Products Inc, Germany). Results: 1) There was significant differences between exercise group and non-exercise group on reaction time (2153.847 ± 589.919 ms vs. 3098.449 ± 773.798 ms; t = -3.500, P < 0. 01). 2) EEG results showed that exercise group’s amplitude of P200-300 in brain vertex Pz was 3.396 ± 1.913, and 1.7187 ± 0.716 in non-exercise group, as well as exercise group’s amplitude of P200-300 in central point of Cz was 5.180 ±2.251, and 3.5167 ±1.192 in non-exercise group; repeated measures ANOVA showed that there were significant differences between exercise group and non-exercise group on amplitude of P200-300[F (1, 24) = 7.834, P < 0.05, partial η2 =0. 246], also significant differences between two electrodes’ P200-300 amplitude [F (1, 24) = 59.381, P < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.712]. But, there was no significant interaction between electrodes and groups [F (1, 24) = 0.976, P > 0.05]. Conclusions: Aerobic exercise delays the aging speed of mathematical computing capability; exercise group, which can mobilize more excited neurons synchronization, have faster speed and stronger amplitude of P200-300 than non-exercise group. The results indicated that in the early stages of digital processing, there is difference in brain between exercisers and non-exercisers, exercisers have higher mobilization degree of cognitive processing resources