儿童体力活动动机研究的10大问题
Top 10 Research Questions Related to Children Physical Activity Motivation

摘要：体力活动对少年儿童生长和健康发育至关重要。以往研究表明，儿童体育活动积极性是形成并维持活跃生活方式必要的基础。过去25年来对少儿体育活动积极性的成因和相关因素的大量研究已为科研人员、从业者提供了在不同环境中调动少儿参与体力活动积极性的方法。在这些科研的基础上，旨在综述现有的理论平台和研究成果，思考我们还应该进一步了解什么，并提出对少儿体力活动动机还应该做的十个科研问题。这十个问题涉及到较广泛的动机科研观点，包括将动机作为主观心理倾向，或作为人与环境交互影响的结果，或作为社会文化，教育政策的产物。希望这些问题能成为对儿童体力活动动机科研的新起点，从而能起到扩展概念思维和选定有意义的科研题目。同时希望这十个问题能帮助科研工作者完成促进本世纪少儿参与体力活动这一重要的使命。
Abstract: Physical activity is critical to healthy development of children. It is well documented that helping children develop and sustain a physically active lifestyle requires children to become motivated. Many studies have been conducted in the past 2.5 decades on determinants and correlates for children and adolescents’ physical activity motivation. The findings have informed researchers and practitioners about motivation sources for children and effective strategies to motivate children in given physical activity settings. Built on the extensive knowledge base and theoretical platforms formed by these research studies, the purpose of this article is to take a look at the current research landscape and provide subjective thoughts about what we still need to know about children’s physical activity motivation. The product of this subjective thinking process rendered 10 potential questions for future research on children’s physical activity motivation in both in-school and out-of-school settings. These topics encompass those focusing on children’s physical activity motivation as a mental dispositional process, those conceptualizing the motivation as an outcome of person–environment interactions, and those attempting to dissect the motivation as an outcome of social–cultural influences and educational policies. It is hoped that the topics can serve researchers interested in children’s physical activity motivation as starting blocks from which they can extend their conceptual thinking and identify research questions that are personally meaningful. It is also hoped that the list of potential questions can be helpful to researchers in accomplishing the imperative and significant mission to motivate children to be physically active in the 21st century and beyond