身体意识、身体训练与自我关怀——基于理查德.舒斯特曼身体美学研究
Body Consciousness, Physical Training and Self Care: Based on Richard Shusterman Somaesthetics

摘要:主要运用文献资料研读和哲学研究所普遍采用的思辨法（演绎式思辨和归纳式思辨）并结合美学、心理学与生理学的相关理论来探讨身体训练对于身体意识的影响以及“身-心”的和谐发展对于人的重要作用。研究认为：缺乏体力活动以及过度压力与刺激而导致的诸如“器官功能紊乱或心智衰弱类”等疾病已经严重困扰着当今人们身心，而身体意识敏感性也被粗野的剥夺了。身体训练不仅引起机体的生物学改善，更是作为提高身体意识和身心和谐的有力手段，身体训练的本质是身体禁欲，从哲学上讲是审美的，其追求结果是超越自我且达到更好的状态，从而使内心的“愉悦追求”成为生活的根本“副产品”。因此，身体训练的哲学意义在于：将人的身体作为培育对象，导致身体成为体验美的容器，最终使人们获得了隐藏在内部的更为强烈的力量与愉悦从而达到一个处于更高层次的自我。最后，作为刚刚兴起的身体美学，怎样更好地指导体育实践还需要进一步完善和探索。
Abstract: Combined with relative theories of aesthetics, psychology, and physiology, this paper analyzed physical training’s influence in body consciousness and the importance of “body-heart” harmony development for people by the methods of literature review and pragmatism philosophy. Conclusions: Some diseases, such as organ dysfunction or weak in mind, which caused by excessive pressure and stimulation and lack of physical activity, are affecting people’s physical and mental health seriously. And people’s body consciousness sensibility was deprived. Physical training is not only to improve organ’s biology, but also an effective way to enhance body consciousness and body-heart harmony. Physical training is physical abstinence essentially and aesthetics philosophically. The ultimate pursue of physical training is beyond oneself for achieving better state, then the inner side happy pursue will be byproduct of life. From the aesthetics perspective, this body cultivation will make it become a container of experience beauty which will finally lead people to achieve more strong strength and happiness inside. Then people will achieve a higher level of themselves. This new born somaesthetics still need to be improved in theoretical perfection degree, discipline ownership, and research methods