优秀男子短距离速度滑冰运动员于凤桐表面肌电特征研究
The sEMG Characteristics of Excellent Short Distance Speed Skater Yu Fengtong

摘要：目的：通过对我国优秀男子速滑运动员表面肌电特征研究，为专项力量训练手段的优化和设计提供理论参考。方法：采用视频和表面肌电同步测量于凤桐实地滑冰阶段下肢肌电参数。结果：1）胫骨前肌和股四头肌是稳定的主要做功肌群，股二头肌和半腱肌在两腿间参与程度不一，腓肠肌参与度较低；2）胫骨前肌、股二头肌和半腱肌屈过程激活强度更大，股内侧肌、股外侧肌和股直肌等肌群伸过程激活强度更大；3）胫骨前肌做功时程主要集中在30%~80%支撑阶段；股四头肌在直道做功时程主要集中在前1/3和后1/3阶段，呈现双峰现象，而弯道几乎在整个支撑期都有较强电位活动；股二头肌和半腱肌做功时程集中在30%-70%阶段；腓肠肌做功时程集中在70%~100%阶段。结论：直道左右腿肌肉用力特征差异较小，弯道差异较大；胫骨前肌、股二头肌和半腱肌的主要作用是维持踝、膝关节的稳定，股四头肌是为滑跑提供动力；弯道主要做功肌群激活时程更长，强度更大。建议：根据肌群的做功方式、做功条件及做功强度设计专项力量练习手段。
Abstract: Purpose: This study aimed at exploring the sEMG characteristics of China elite male speed skaters for providing theoretical reference to optimize and design specific strength training. Methods: The lower limbs sEMG parameters of Yu Fengtong was tested in field by video and sEMG. Result: 1) The anterior tibial and quadriceps femoris are the major stable working muscles, the biceps femoris and semitendinosus of have different participation in left and right legs, and astrocnemius is rarely involved. 2) The tibialis anterior, biceps femoris and semitendinosus are more active in flexion, while the medial rectus muscle, lateral rectus muscle and rectus muscle are more active in extension. 3) The activation phase of anterior tibial focuses on 30%-80% supporting phase, the quadriceps femoris is active in the first 1/3 and last 1/3 phases of straightway and shows double peaks, and it is active in the whole supporting phase of the bend; biceps femoris and semitendinosus are active in 30%-70% supporting phase; gastrocnemius is active in 70%-100% supporting phase. Conclusion: The muscle exertion characteristics of both legs have little difference in straightway, but have big difference in bend; the main role of anterior tibial, biceps femoris and semitendinosus is to maintain the stability of the ankle and knee joints, the quadriceps is to provide power for skating; muscles are more active in bend and have high intensity activation. Suggestion: The specific strength training method can be designed according to the working mode, working condition, and working intensity of the main muscles