竞技乒乓球男子单打比赛“变线”策略运用特征与效果研究
Characteristics and Effect of “Changing Attacking Route” in Men's Single Table Tennis Matches

摘要：“变线”即乒乓球比赛中落点和线路的变化，是战术实施的核心环节。运用文献资料、专家访谈、录像观察和数理统计等方法，对2011—2016年连续十次世界大赛中世界优秀男子乒乓球右手持拍选手变线策略运用特征与效果进行研究，以期为我国乒乓球队的科学训练和参赛提供借鉴。结论：1）非变线策略是运动员技战术运用的主要形式，变线策略是其辅助形式；变线策略的得分效果明显优于非变线策略；变线和非变线策略在比赛制胜中发挥着几乎同等重要的作用，但变线策略的运用效益更高。2）从正手位突破是世界优秀乒乓球运动员变线时的主要方位选择，从反手位和中间位突破是其辅助方位选择，三种变线策略间无明显得分效果差异，但变线至中间位策略得分效果略好；从正手位突破在比赛制胜中的作用明显高于从反手位和中间位突破，后两种变线策略在比赛制胜中的作用大致相等。3）世界优秀男子乒乓球运动员在变线策略的运用上不仅灵活多变，而且重点突出。与非变线策略相比，各种变线策略形式的运用效果整体上都较好，尤以使用率最高的7种变线形式最好。
Abstract: Changing attacking route, the change of striking point or line, is the core of the tactical implementation in table tennis competition. With the methods of literature review, expert interview, video observation and mathematic statistics, this paper focused on the characteristics and effects of “changing attacking route” strategy in 10 consecutive world competitions (2011-2016) of the excellent male right-handed table tennis players, hoped to provide reference for scientific training and competitions of Chinese table tennis teams. Conclusions: 1) Non-variable route was the main application strategy of male players, and changing attacking route was the auxiliary ones; the scoring effect of changing attaching route was obviously better than that of non-variable rout; these two tactics played an almost equally important role for winning a game, but the usage efficiency of changing attacking route was higher. 2) Attacking the opponent’s forehand position was the main choice for the world's best table tennis players to change their lines, and attacking the opponent’s backhand and intermediate position were the auxiliary ones; there were no significant difference in scoring effect among the three attacking directions; the role of the forehand breakthrough in the winning of the game was obviously higher than the breakthrough from the backhand and the middle, the latter two were roughly equal to the winning of the competition. 3) The best male table tennis players in the world were not only flexible but also prominent in the use of changing route strategy. Compared with the non-variable route strategy, the application effect of all kinds of changing route strategies was better, especially the best seven changing routs with the highest use rate