中国优秀乒乓球女单选手“先变线”的技战术分析
Techniques and Tactics Analysis of Initiative Change of Directions in China Elite Table Tennis Women’s Singles Players

摘要:乒乓球比赛中先变线是技战术变化的重要体现，目前对于乒乓球技战术的研究主要集中在接抢段、发抢段、相持段等三段式相关指标上，尚未发现先变线的系统研究。应用北京体育大学蒋家珍博士研究的《乒乓球比赛数字编码技术与技战术统计分析系统》，对李晓霞、丁宁、刘诗雯在2009年-2012年间共30场比赛进行录像观察分析，在所获得的135470项有关击球站位、击球技术、击球落点、击球效果、击球线路等技术数据的基础上，从先变线的角度进行研究，结果表明：刘诗雯在接抢与发抢阶段、台内球与近台反手位的先变线但在相持阶段、中区的球先变线的效果相对较差；李晓霞在三名选手中先变线比率最低，先变线效果也最差，她的先变线主要在发抢阶段；丁宁倾向于接抢阶段先变线，在接抢与发抢阶段先变线的得分效果比刘诗雯略差。
Abstract: Initiative change of directions is an important manifestation of change in techniques and tactics in table tennis competition. Studies of table tennis technique and tactics focused on related statistics of attack-then-serve, attack-on-receive and the rally stage, without a systematic research to initiative change of directions. By using Beijing Sport University Doctor Jiang Jiazhen’s Statistical Analysis System of Digital Coding Technology and Technique and Tactics in Table Tennis Competitions, this paper analyzed 30 games videos of Li Xiaoxia, Ding Ning and Liu Shiwen from 2009 to 2012. Based on 135 470 technical data about attack position, attack technique, drop point, attack effect and attack course, this paper analyzed the three players’ initiative change of directions. The results showed that Liu Shiwen is better to change the directions initiatively in attack-on-receive, attack-then-serve, over-the-table playing and short court backhand playing, less able to do so in rally stages and playing middle court balls; Li Xiaoxia changes the direction of shots least among the three players with worst effects, mostly in attack-then-serve; DING Ning tends to change directions of shots initiatively in attack-on-receive, but gains less scores than Liu Shi-wen in attack-on-receive and attack-then-serve