高校体育教育专业武术必修课程的实施现状及困境解析
The Present Situation and Predicament of Wushu Compulsory Courses for Physical Education Major in Universities

摘要：基于一线体育教师武术教学中存在的实际问题，采用文献资料、问卷调查、专题研讨、课堂观察及数理统计法，对全国33所高校的体育教育专业武术必修课程展开全面调查。研究结果显示，武术必修课程的教学实施效果不理想，其现实困境主要有：武术动作较强的技术技巧性、武术传统文化体系不健全、武术教学实践能力培养要求高以及武术教与学的趣味性偏离等。在目前既定条件下该课程的改革出路为：以武术动作的攻防技击性为逻辑起点整体设置武术课程与教学，精简武术技术动作与套路，构建教育目标下的学校武术传统文化体系；适当降低武术动作规格、重视动作的技术技巧性，加强学生对武术基本技法及其原理、规律的理解与掌握；重视练习中的心理感受，强化学生的身体认知；开发攻防性练习形式，提升学生攻防意识与学习兴趣。
Abstract: Based on the practical problems of front-line physical education teachers in Wushu teaching, this study conducted a comprehensive survey of Wushu compulsory courses for physical education major in 33 universities by the methods of literature review, questionnaire investigation, seminars, class observation and mathematical statistics. The results showed that the teaching effect of martial arts compulsory courses is not ideal. Its main practical difficulties are strong technical skills of Wushu, imperfect traditional Wushu culture system, high demand for Wushu teaching practice ability, and interesting deviation of Wushu teaching and learning. The reform ways of the course under the present conditions are overall setting up Wushu curriculum and teaching by taking Wushu offensive and defensive skills as logical starting point, building a traditional Wushu culture system under the goal of education; reducing the standards of Wushu action and strengthening skill, and enhancing the students' understanding and mastery of the basic skills, principles and rules of Wushu; paying attention to the psychological feeling in practice and strengthening the students' physical cognition; developing the form of attack and defense practice, improving the students' awareness of attack and defense and interest in learning