冬季奥运会可持续发展管理研究：国际经验及对我国筹备2022年冬奥会的启示
Sustainable Development Management of Winter Olympics: International Experience and Its Revelation to China’s Preparation for 2022 Winter Olympics

摘要：可持续发展是我国筹备2022年冬季奥林匹克运动会提出的三大理念之一，冬奥会因其项目特征和场地条件的独特性，对主办城市的可持续发展管理工作有着较高要求。为全面剖析冬奥会可持续发展管理工作，同时为包括北京张家口在内的冬奥会筹备方提供参考，本文以冬奥会可持续发展管理政策和措施为研究对象，系统分析了国际奥委会政策文件、历届冬奥会可持续发展管理措施及我国筹备2022年冬奥会的实际情况，认为1）冬奥会在环境保护、组织管理和评估认证3方面工作上形成了明确的政策体系。2）历届冬奥会可持续管理措施主要集中在建筑设施、公共政策、环保宣传、自然资源保护四大模块，并注重兼顾冰雪运动的特殊性。3）我国冬奥会筹备的可持续发展管理工作存在管理机构与职责不匹配、管理规范性亟待提升、雪场运营水平不高、高新科技应用范围较窄四方面问题，并就此提出了针对性建议，为加强我国冬奥会筹备中的可持续发展管理工作提供参考。
Abstract: Sustainable development is one of the three spirits of China’s preparation for 2022 Winter Olympic Games. It requires high-standard sustainability manage level due to the uniqueness of winter sports and its natural competition terrain. In order to explore the sustainability management practices in an overall perspective and provide reference for 2022 Winter Olympic Games preparation, this paper analyzed IOC official documents and former host cities' management measures. Combined with the practical preparation situation of China, it was found that: 1) specific policy systems were formed with regards to environmental protection, organizational management and evaluation. 2) the measures taken by previous Games are mainly focused on infrastructure, public policy, environmental advertising and natural resource protection, with a special concern to winter sports' particularity. 3) In China's preparation, 4 major concerns are discovered, they are the inconsistence within the administration and their responsibility, less normalized managerial standard, low level of ski resorts' operation and narrow utilization of high-techs to aid with the Games. Some pertinent suggestions are put forward, for strengthening the sustainability management of China's preparation for 2022 Winter Olympics