踢毽子动作发展序列特征研究及案例教学分析
Characteristics of Motor Development Approach of Kicking Shuttlecock and Case Teaching Analysis

摘要：为了发扬民族传统体育项目的健身锻炼功效、发挥中小学踢毽子活动的育人功能，以及科学探索不同年龄阶段健康个体在学习踢毽子动作时的典型动作特征。采用现代动作学科知识理论研究民族传统体育项目是传承传统文化的具体体现，也是实施体育育人的操作手段。梳理文献资料得出U6—14阶段健康个体典型的动作发展特征，即U6—7阶段的学习运用自我、U8—9阶段的基本动作过程学习、U10—11阶段的基本运动技能的学习和应用，以及U12—14阶段的基本动作技术向专门动作技术过渡。录像观察得出踢毽子活动的动作发展序列特征，即，整体发展序列的5个阶段和4个部位发展序列的不同阶段发展特征。案例教学实验分析了义务教育阶段体育与健康课程标准、教科书、教师用书中关于踢毽子课程设置的客观性，得出U6—7阶段和U10—11阶段踢毽子课程设置难度大。本文揭示了儿童、青少年踢毽子动作的学习与掌握不仅依赖于直接教学，更要关注儿童、青少年的发展；体现儿童、青少年对特定运动项目的学习特征是自然发展的，而不应是学习与训练促成的。
Abstract: This study aimed at carrying forward the fitness effect of national traditional sports and playing the education function of kicking shuttlecock in primary and middle school, and exploring the typical motor characteristics of kicking shuttlecock for children with different age. Using modern motor knowledge theory to analyze national traditional sport is a concrete embodiment to inherit traditional culture, and also is a way to implementing physical education. The typical motor development characteristics for healthy children were found by the method of literature review, such as, learning how to use myself during U6-7, learning the procedure of foundational motor during U8-9, learning and applying the movement performance in U10-11, and transition from foundation motor to specific motor in U12-14. The typical motor development characteristics of kicking shuttlecock were obtained by the method of video observation, such as 5 stages of the total body approach, and different stages of the four component approaches. Case teaching experiment analyzed the objectivity about setting up shuttlecock course in physical education and health curriculum standards, textbooks and teacher’s book in compulsory education stage, and found that setting up shuttlecock course is difficult in U6-7 and U10-11. This study pointed out that learning kicking shuttlecock is not only dependent on direct teaching, but also related to children’s development. Children’s learning characteristics on specific motor is developed naturally, not developed by training