奥运遗产溯源、兴起与演进研究
Origin, Upsurge and Evolution of Olympic Legacy

摘要：通过梳理自1956—2016年历届（包括夏季与冬季）奥运会的城市申办、承诺、总结报告等书面资料，对遗产（Legacy）一词的使用情况进行统计，发现：1）奥运遗产的概念与内涵是不断发生变化的。最重要的转向在于从原来的奥运建筑、奥运藏品等有形遗产扩展到能影响人类和社会可持续发展的精神与文化范畴。2）发现奥运遗产既有正面效应，也有负面效应，如奥运遗产的建设与保护所必需的财政资源难以保证，甚至会导致主办国家的财政赤字、场馆建设的面临非法用地所带来的压力及给周边环境所造成的影响、奥运会结束后遗产资源无法通过再利用或再循环来增加经济价值和社会功能，无法发挥更大的效益等。3）为了发挥奥运遗产的正效应，遏制负效应的出现，对奥运遗产进行持续、有效的管理是解决此类问题发生的重要途径。通过追溯“奥运遗产”的历史发展脉络，分析其随着时代前进而发生的变化及其未来的发展趋势，为北京冬奥会奥运遗产的管理提供可资借鉴的内容。
Abstract: Based on a document analysis of the bid collateral, candidature files and final reports from Olympic Games (including Winter and Summer )host and candidate cities between 1956 to 2016, the author analyzed the use of the word “Legacy”. It was found that 1) the concept and connotation of the Olympic legacy is constantly changing. One of the most important steering is from the Olympic building, Olympic collection and other tangible heritages extending to the mental and cultural categories which can affect the human being and the sustainable development of the society; 2) the Olympic legacy not only has positive effects but also has negative effects, such as, the difficulties to guarantee the necessary financial resources for construction and protection can even lead to the host country’s fiscal deficit, stadium construction face the impact on the surrounding environment and the pressure brought by the illegal use of land, heritage resources can't be reused or recycled to increase its economic value and social function after the Olympic, etc; 3) the continuous and effective management is an important approach to play the positive effect of Olympic heritage and curb the emergence of its negative effects. By tracing the development of Olympic legacy’s history, the author analyzed its changes with the times and its development trend, in order to provide content that available for reference for the management of Olympic legacy of Beijing Winter Olympics