篮球运动的人类学解读
An Anthropological Analysis of Basketball Movement

摘要：篮球运动是我国竞技体育项目重要发展对象，对篮球的作用与功能已经显有研究，但是从象征和仪式的角度来重释篮球还是第一次，尝试对篮球的象征和仪式过程进行解析，为篮球的研究打开另一扇窗。主要采用文献资料法、专家访谈等研究方法，从人类学的视角出发，运用象征体系结构分析，对篮球运动进行解读得出：无论是篮球项目的规则、组织、分类、比赛都存在着仪式的过程。我们发现篮球运动中的仪式对规范运动员的行为与道德乃至维护社会制度的稳定与团结都有着积极的作用，也使我们深刻的意识到篮球训练过程不仅仅是技战术上的锤炼与塑造，更要加强对规则的认识和制度的严格遵守。篮球训练要回归到教育的层面，发挥篮球项目中仪式和象征的作用，对完善运动员的人格有着积极的作用，以回归篮球运动的真谛。
Abstract: Basketball is an important competitive sport of China. There are some researches on basketball function, but this study is the first time to explain basketball movement form symbolic and ritual perspective. From the perspective of anthropology, this paper used structure analysis of symbolic system to analyze symbolic and ritual process of basketball movement by the methods of literature review and expert interview. Conclusions: Rule, organization, competition of basketball exist rite. We found that rite has positive effect on normal player’s behavior, moral, even keeping social stability and united in basketball movement. Basketball training is not only for technical and tactics practice, but also to enforce recognition to rules and obey the system. Basketball training has to be returned to educational level, exerts ritual symbolic function, improves athlete’s personal, and returns to the truth of basketball movement