体育科学领域的问卷调查：常见问题与解决方案
Questionnaire Investigation in Sport Science: Common Mistakes and Solutions

摘要：对3所体育院校2014年授予学位的120篇研究生论文的分析发现，问卷调查法仍是体育学研究生使用较多的研究方法。学位论文中问卷调查法的误用主要表现为：1) 选题范围过大，研究定位于描述；2) 问题随意无依据，选项概念混乱，缺乏规律，且存在无效或不可能选项；3) 滥用重测信度和内容效度，误用同质性信度和构想效度。对研究者建议：1) 缩窄研究范围；2) 将研究整体定位于关系性研究；3) 使用等距量表法设计问卷题目，并以构想效度为核心，努力积累问卷的效度证据。
Abstract: Based on an analysis of 120 master theses from 3 sports universities in 2014, questionnaire investigation is still a major research method used by graduate students of sports universities. Misuses of questionnaire investigation in thesis were mainly showed as follows. 1) Overbroad research topic identification, focused on description; 2) Being arbitrary and lack of theoretical bases in question design, overlapped and irregular changes of concepts in options, and invalid or impossible option used; 3) Abuse of test-retest reliability and content validity, misuse of internal consistency reliability and construct validity. It was suggested that researchers should 1) contract research scope and decrease number of research questions; 2) orientate the whole research to relational study; 3) apply interval scaling to design items in questionnaire, and make every effort to accumulate questionnaire’s validity evidence centered by construct validity