体育科学实验研究设计10个常见问题及对策
Ten Problems and Countermeasures About Experimental Design of Sport Science

摘要：实验法是体育科学研究常用的研究方法之一，更是体育科学研究领域探讨因果关系的核心方法。实验设计是实验研究的灵魂，是保证实验研究有效的前提和基础。基于此目的，总结了体育科学实验研究设计常见的10个问题，包括：研究设计缺乏理论依据，系列实验研究间的关联缺乏条理，实验设计类型不清晰、组间变量与组内变量混淆，单因素设计替代多因素设计，非平衡的多因素组合实验违背了实验的均衡原则，重复测量实验设计没有平衡顺序误差，缺乏有效的对照导致内部效度较低，研究样本量偏小导致实验结果的可重复性差，实验室实验忽视了实验真实性和心理真实性对生态学效度的影响，实验设计缺乏有效的统计检验。具体分析了每一个问题对实验效度的影响，进而提出了改进实验设计的对策。
Abstract: The experimental method is one of the popular research methods in sport science research, and is also a core method to discuss causality. Experimental design is the soul of experimental study and the premise and foundation of effectiveness of experimental study. This paper summarized 10 common problems about experimental design in sport science, including: lack of theoretical basis in research design; lack of logicality in series experiment; unclear experimental design type; confound between group variable and within group variable; single-factor design replace multi-factor design; non-balanced multi- factors combination against the principle of experimental balance; repeated measure experimental design without balancing order error; lack of effective control leads to lower internal validity; small sample size leads to poor repeatability of experimental results; laboratory experiments ignore the effects of experimental realism and psychological realism on ecological validity; experimental design lack of effective statistical test. This paper analyzed each question’s influence to experimental validity and provided some countermeasures to improve experimental design