速度轮滑转项速度滑冰的国内外现况研究
Current Situation of Speed Roller Skating Turning to Speed Ice Skating

摘要：目的：北京携手张家口申办2022年冬奥会成功，冰雪运动热潮正在掀起。但冰雪项目总体发展受到地域性限制。为了实现“北冰南展西扩”的战略目标，加强速滑项目人才的梯队建设，国家体育总局冬季运动管理中心速滑部借鉴国外优秀运动员的训练和比赛经验，提出了“轮转冰”项目。本文结合理论依据与实践成绩探讨“轮转冰”项目的可行性。方法：通过文献检索CNKI、pubmed等数据库，登录国际滑联官方网站以及国内速滑官方网站，收集整理在册速滑运动员过往经历和成绩。并通过专家访谈收集国内外知名的速滑教练及运动员的经验与建议。结果：1）研究速度轮滑与速度滑冰项目共性的文献一共7篇。速度轮滑与速度滑冰在起跑姿势、滑跑姿势、直道滑跑技术和弯道滑跑技术以及能量代谢方面都具有相通之处；2）既往国际上“冰陆双栖”的运动员，男子运动员有21名，其中有16名获得过世锦赛或奥运会奖牌；女子运动员有14名，其中有10名获得过世锦赛或奥运会奖牌；3）国内“轮转冰”运动员以郭丹为带头人物，她是目前中国仅有的1名轮滑世界冠军，2015年4月正式转项速度滑冰。在2016年1月的全国第13届冬运会速滑赛场上位列女子5000米比赛前8名，因此获得入选速度滑冰国家队的资格。结论：1）速度轮滑和速度滑冰项目具有极大的共性，轮滑运动员身体素质和技战术的储备具有转项速滑的能力，保证了该项目的可行性；2）国际上轮滑冰运动员的训练经历和出成绩的时间规律，为中国“轮转冰”项目的实施提供了借鉴依据。
Abstract: Purpose: After Beijing and Zhangjiakou successfully applied for holding the 2022 winter Olympics, skating and skiing sports have boomed. But skating and skiing sports’ overall development is limited by region. In order to achieve the strategic target of "skating spreads from north to south and west of China”, strengthen construction of speed skating talents, the Winter Sports Management Center of General Administration of Sport of China provides the event of “speed roller skating turning to speed ice skating” by learning foreign outstanding athlete's training and competition experience. This study discussed the feasibility of this event based on theory and practice. Methods: The past experiences and performance of registered athletes were collected in databases of CNKI and PubMed and websites of ISU and China speed skating. The experiences of coaches and athletes were collected by the method of expert interview. Results: 1) There are 7 papers focused on the general character of speed roller skating and speed skating. They are similar in the launching position, running posture, skating skills on the straightaway and bend, and energy metabolism. 2) There are 21 male “ice skating and roller skating” skaters, 16 of them won medals in World Championships or Olympics, and there are 14 female “ice skating and roller skating” skaters, 10 of them won medals in World Championships or Olympics. 3) Guo Dan is the leader of “skating spreads from north to south and west of China”, and is the only speed roller skating world champion in China. She started the event from April 2015, and gained the top 8 of 5000 speed skating in 13th National Winter Games in 2016, and then enrolled into National Team of Speed Skating. Conclusions: 1) Speed roller skating and speed ice skating are very similar, the physical fitness and techniques and tactics of speed roller skating ensures the feasibility of “speed roller skating turning to speed skating”.