2013和2014赛季中超球队TOPSIS分析与比较研究
TOPSIS Analysis and Comparative Study on CSL Teams in 2013 and 2014

摘要：为了更好的了解中超竞争格局，把握职业足球俱乐部的发展规律，提高中超联赛的竞争水平，利用TOPSIS分析法对中超球队2013和2014年所有的960场技术统计进行了分析，并在此基础上进行了比较研究。结果显示：TOPSIS分析法能有效地评价中超球队的综合实力。在中超联赛中，获得亚冠资格的四支球队与最优方案的接近程度Ci攻守秩和值较高，反映这些球队的攻守能力较强且攻守平衡；降级的两支球队与最优方案的接近程度Ci攻守秩和值较低，反映这些球队的攻守能力较弱。另外，在进攻方面，2014年中超球队场均射偏次数和前场任意球次数均高于2013年，且呈高度显著性差异，而进球数、角球等其他的进攻指标则没有显著性差异，这说明2014年中超球队创造机会的能力有所增强，但把握机会的能力没有提高，另外也不注重通过创造现代足球比赛中对球队得分乃至胜负影响很大的角球机会来得分；在防守方面，2014年中超球队的场均犯规次数高于2013年，且呈显著性差异。2014年中超球队场均抢截和抢截成功次数却低于2013年，也呈高度显著性差异，而越位等其他的防守指标则没有显著性差异，这说明2014年中超球队更加重视防守，但防守质量却没有根本性提高。建议中超球队需要通过多途径来进一步提高进攻与防守质量。
Abstract: In order to know the competition pattern of CSL, grasp the development law of professional football club, and improve the competitive level, 960 matches in China Football Association Super League (CSL) in 2013 and 2014 were analyzed by TOPSIS. Results: The analysis method of TOPSIS can evaluate the football teams effectively. The close degree of Ci offensive and defensive rank and value of four teams qualified AFC Champions League and the optimal solution were higher, which indicated that these teams’ offensive and defensive abilities were strong and balanced, while two relegated teams’ and their optimal solution’ were lower, which indicated that these two teams’ offensive and defensive abilities were weak. In attack, average numbers of shoot aside and front-field free kick in CSL in 2014 were significantly higher than in 2013, but there were no differences of attack indicators such as goal number and corner kick between 2013 and 2014, which suggested that the ability of CSL teams to create opportunities in 2014 improved, but the ability to seize opportunities didn’t change, they didn’t pay attention to corner kick that is important for scoring and win in games. In defense, average foul number of CSL in 2014 was significant higher than in 2013, the average interception and successful interception in 2014 were lower than in 2013, but other defense indicators such as offside in 2014 didn’t change. These results showed that the defense quality of CSL teams in 2014 didn’t improve although they paid more attention to defense. CSL teams needs to further improve the quality of attack and defense via many ways