产品刑事责任中的结果归责问题
On problem of consequence-based liability in product criminal responsibility

摘 要： 以条件公式为唯一标准的传统因果关系理论，已经无法满足产品刑事责任领域结果归责的现实需求。晚近以来出现的疫学因果关系和风险升高理论，是一种与传统条件关系型因果完全不同的新兴结果归责类型。在产品刑事责任领域引入此类概率提升型因果，能有效解决实践中大量存在的由于无法将行为的不法部分与其他作用因素相分离而难以认定具体因果关系，以及一般因果法则尚不明确的结果归责难题。当然，由于概率提升型因果在本质上降低了事实关联性程度的要求，容易造成刑法归责范围的扩张，因而其在产品刑事责任中的适用范围也应受到严格限定。
Abstract: The traditional cause-and-effect theory which takes condition relations as the sole criterion cannot meet the practical needs of the consequence-based liability in the field of product criminal responsibility. Epidemiology and risk rising theory which has emerged recently is an entirely different type of consequence-based liability from traditional cause-and-effect condition relation. Introducing such chance-promoting cause-and-effect in the field of product criminal responsibility can effectively solve the consequence-based liability problem that cannot separate the illegal acts portion from other factors so as to identify the specific cause-and-effect, and cannot identify the general cause-and-effect. Of course, since the chance-promoting cause-and-effect essentially reduces the relevance degree of the fact, making it easy to expand the scope of criminal law liability, the scope should also be strictly limited