民族贫困地区生态安全评价及影响因素分析――以湘西自治州为例
Assessment of ecological security and analysis of the influence factors in minority poverty area: A case study of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture

摘 要： 为有效监测区域生态安全的动态变化，从压力(P)、状态(S)、响应(R)三方面构建区域生态安全的评价指标体系，根据变权灰色关联模型计算评价对象的综合安全度，并确定其生态安全等级，最后借助主成分分析方法，对区域生态安全的影响因素进行分析。研究结果表明，2005―2014年间，湘西自治州生态安全综合指数整体呈现上升趋势，生态环境压力有所缓解，但生态安全形势仍不容乐观，区域生态系统风险仍然存在。此外，主成分分析表明, 湘西自治州生态安全的影响因素可以归纳为环境影响因子、资源影响因子和社会影响因子，其中环境影响因子是最主要的因子，资源影响因子次之，社会影响因子对生态安全的影响最小。
Abstract: In order to monitor effectively the dynamic changes of regional ecological security, the present study establishes the evaluation index system of ecological security from such three aspects as the pressure (P), the state (S) and the response(R). And based on the variable weight theory and grey relational analysis (GRA), the study calculates the degree of the comprehensive security of various objects, determines the grade of regional ecological security, and finally extracts the factors affecting regional ecological security by adopting the method of analyzing the principal component. The results show that the composite index of ecological security in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture presents an upward trend from 2005―2014 and that the pressure of ecological environment has been relieved. The overall ecological security situation in this area, however, is still not optimistic and the ecological risk still exists. In addition, analysis of the principal component indicates that the factors influencing the ecological security in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture can be classified into the environmental factor, the resources factor and the social factor. Among them, the environmental factor exerts the biggest effect, with the resources factor as the second and the social factor the least