论民国证据制度对自由心证的限制――以司法解释为视角
On the restriction to free evidence by means of evidence system in Republic of China: from the perspective of judicial interpretation

摘 要： 民国时期，法官对证据的判断采取自由心证主义，这符合认知的一般规律，但是，自由并不是恣意，它还需要完善的约束机制。为此，民国政府通过司法解释的方式构建了一系列的制度，其中具有直接约束力的即为证据调查制度、直接言辞制度和证据推定制度。虽然其时的司法解释多针对具体案件，没有制度构造的主观性和体系化，但是可操作性强，指引和约束的效果非常明显，即对当前的司法实践也很有借鉴意义。
Abstract: In Republic of China, the principle of free evidence was adopted, which conforms to the general rule of cognition. However, freedom is not arbitrary, and it also needs a perfect restraint mechanism. Therefore, Republic of China, through the judicial interpretation, constructed the system of investigation of evidence, direct and dialogue and presumption of evidence. Although these judicial interpretations were not systematic and mostly functioned for specific cases, the operability was strong with direct guidance and extremely obvious effect of restraint. Thus, they provide referential significance to the present judicial practice