“伽勒里乌斯宽容敕令”文本考――兼论“伽氏敕令”的历史地位
A textual research on the Edict of Toleration by Calerius: A new view on its historical position

摘 要： “伽氏敕令”是伽勒里乌斯(Calerius)、君士坦丁、李锡尼乌斯及马克西米努斯(Maximinus)四位罗马皇帝于311年联合颁布的一则对基督教宣布宽容的法令。该法令的存世文本仅有拉克坦提乌斯的拉丁文本和尤西比乌斯的希腊文本两种。然而由于这两种文本之间的差异、该法令未及实施皇帝伽氏便逝于病疾和君士坦丁大帝一统帝国的影响及诸文人骚客对君氏的过多赞誉等原因，导致国内外学界普遍重视所谓的“米兰敕令”，而对“伽氏敕令”的历史地位缺乏应有的关注。鉴于此，拟从“伽氏敕令”文本考察入手，辨析其存世文本的真伪，进而论述该敕令的历史地位，以期学界能对该敕令有一个更为客观、公正的认识。
Abstract: The Edict of Toleration, which gave the toleration to the Christians directly for the first time in the history of Roman Empire, was issued in 311 together by four emperors: Calerius, Constantinus, Licinius and Maximinus. There are only such two texts existing as “Edict of Milan” and “Edict of Calerius.” But the edict was not put into practice owing to the differences of the two edicts, the death of Calerius and the influence of Constantine the Great who was lavish in many scholars’ praise. As a result, most scholars both abroad and at home paid much attention to “Edict of Milan,” failing to notice the historical position of Calerius’ Edict. On the basis of the original texts, the present essay will compare the different texts and analyze the position of this edict so that we will have an objective judgment of the edict