“部门宪法”范式之反思与发展――以“环境宪法”与“文化宪法”为范例的理论分析
Reflection and development of “Department Constitution”: Theoretical analysis of Environmental Constitution and Cultural Constitution

摘 要： 国家介入社会各个领域在宪法上的体现可归纳为各领域的“部门宪法”，环境宪法和文化宪法是其中的代表性领域，均已经成为现代各国宪法中所不可或缺的规范内容。但是，传统部门宪法学理论注重对形式上的宪法规范加以归纳和分析，忽视了宪法条款的实质效力问题，环境宪法在现实中遭遇的困境就充分暴露了这一缺陷，文化宪法的研习应予以反思和高度警惕。欲使环境宪法成为真正的“规范宪法”，关键在于两点：一是明确建立规范体系所需的“价值共识”；二是在价值共识的基础上，明确宪法相关条款的规范性内涵，使其能够作为指导具体法律制度构建的规范依据。这一规范路径为文化宪法的未来发展提供了有益的借鉴。
Abstract: The “Department Constitution” is the representations of state involvement in all areas of society in the constitution, of which Environmental Constitution and Culture Constitution are typical ones and have both become the normative contents in the constitution of modern countries. But traditional constitutional theory focuses on the form of constitutional norms to be summed up and analyzed yet ignores the substantial effect of the constitution clause. And the predicament that the cultural constitution encounters in reality fully discloses the defect so that its study should be given reflection and a high degree of vigilance. In order to make the environment constitution become a real “normative constitution,” the two keys are as follows: the value consensus that it requires to build specifically normative system and the normative connotation of environmental protection clause in the Constitution so that it can be the normative basis to guide the construction of specific legal system. This normative path provides a useful reference for the future development of the Cultural Constitution