马克思主义视野下文学批评者的政治体验
Political experience of literary critics from the perspective of Marxism

摘 要： 作为政治心理的重要组成部分，政治体验是人们对政治环境、政策法规的深刻体认与感悟，既包含着人们的政治情感和政治态度，也包含着人们对政治价值的探寻。对文学批评者政治体验的探讨，就是试图在文学与政治关系的研究中还原那些被遮蔽的政治情感、政治态度，特别是批评者的政治关怀。文学批评者的政治体验是各种权力渗透的结果。文学批评，就是批评者将自身的政治体验与文学文本相结合，在阐释文学所要表达的政治意识形态的基础上，提供一种介入现实的政治观念和生活方式。文学批评的发展史实际上就是政治体验不断被修正的过程。文学批评对宏观政治的强调会造成政治体验的“单一化”，对微观政治的强调又会形成政治体验的“多样化”，这两者都会造成文学批评者政治体验的“过剩”。
Abstract: As an important part of political psychology, political experience is a profound recognition and understanding of the political environment and policy, which includes people’s political feelings and attitudes, as well as people’s pursuit of political values. Exploration into political experience of literary critics is to try to restore the obscured political feelings and political attitudes in the study of the relationship between literature and politics, especially the political concern of the critics. The political experience of literary critics is the result of infiltration of various powers. Literary criticism means that critics combine his own political experience with literary texts, and provide us with a political idea and a way of life to intervene in reality on the basis of the political ideology expressed in literature. The history of literary criticism is actually the process of constantly correcting political experience. The emphasis on the macro politics of literary criticism will cause the “simplification” of the political experience, and the emphasis on the micro politics will form the “diversification” of the political experience, both of which will cause the “excess” of the political experience of the literary critics