中国农村贫困居民消费结构研究
A study on consumption demand structure of rural poor residents in China

摘 要： 以线性支出系统为理论基础，运用中国居民收入调查项目数据(CHIP)，测算了农村贫困居民各项消费需求支出的马歇尔自价格弹性、交叉价格弹性和支出弹性，并进一步利用线性支出系统理论的特点和优势，测算了农村贫困居民的基本生存需求支出。结果表明：在满足基本生存需求支出的前提下，农村贫困居民的支出预算份额按高低顺序依次为：食品、居住、教育文化娱乐、生活用品及服务、衣着、交通通信、医疗保健。食品、衣着、医疗保健和交通通信支出较缺乏弹性，需求受自价格变动的影响程度较小；生活用品及服务、居住和教育文化娱乐支出受自价格变动的影响程度较大。农村贫困居民基本生存需求总支出为1 602.262元。如果以基本生存需求支出作为贫困线，国家制定的贫困标准高估了农村贫困规模。
Abstract: Using the linear expenditure system as the theoretical basis and the Chinese Household Income Survey data (CHIP), the present essay calculates the non-compensated self-price elasticity, cross-price elasticity and expenditure elasticity of the rural poor residents’ per capita consumption expenditure. And with further assistance of the linear expenditure system theory, the basic living needs of rural poor residents are estimated. The results show that, on the condition of satisfying the subsistence expenditure, the expenditure share of rural poor residents is in the order of food, housing, education and cultural activities, facility and services, clothing, communication and transportation and healthcare. Food, clothing, healthcare and communication and transportation expenditure are less flexible. The demand is less affected by the price change. Facility and services, housing and education and cultural activities expenditure are more affected by the price changes. For rural poor residents, 1 602.262 Yuan is needed to satisfy subsistence expenditure. If subsistence expenditure is taken as the poverty line, the poverty standard set by the state overestimates the poverty situation in rural areas