骗取贷款罪：反思与限定
The Crime of Defrauding Loans: Reflection and Restriction

骗取贷款罪是金融机构为应对日渐猖獗的陈述型金融欺诈行为的努力成果。由于金融秩序并不会受个体骗取贷款行为的影响而造成混乱，也不属于刑法保护的集体法益的范围，再加上骗取贷款罪的刑法规定并未给人们提供有效指引的裁判规范，因此骗取贷款罪的保护法益只能是金融机构对贷款资金的所有权，而非金融之秩序。单纯的骗取贷款行为并未达到犯罪的违法程度，因此追诉标准之一的骗取贷款100万元以上的行为成立犯罪，须以存在具体危险结果来提高违法程度。骗取贷款罪的重大损失并非欺骗贷款行为类型性的危险实现，出于常理，作为客观处罚条件的重大损失应是与行为人有一定关联的条件，因而由被害人过失和不作为造成的损失被排除在犯罪成立条件之外。另外，法官对于重大损失的认定，应为金融机构采取所有可能的措施或一切必要的法律程序后的未能偿还的贷款的本息，对重大损失的裁判应以立案侦查的时间作为计算的损失的最后时间点。
The crime of defrauding loans is an indication of effort made by financial institutions to cope with the increasingly rampant financial fraud conduct of false representation. Due to reasons that the financial order is not subject to the influence of individual fraudulent loan behaviors, it is not in the scope of collective legal interest protected by the criminal law, and the criminal provision of the crime of defrauding loans does not provide adjudication norms with effective guidance for people, the protective legal interests of this crime can only be the ownership of loan funds by financial institutions rather than the order of finance. Simple conduct of defrauding loans does not constitute a crime. So the degree of the crime of setting up loans for defrauding 1 million yuan or more of the loan should be higher according to the existence of specific risks. The great loss of the crime of defrauding the loan does not make this type of loan action risk, while in common sense, the major loss as an objective punishment condition should be related to the actor. Therefore, the loss caused by the negligence and omission of the victim can not be regarded as a condition of establishing the crime of defrauding loans. In addition, a judge's identification of major loss should be the principal and interest of a loan that is not repaid after the financial institutions take all possible measures or all the necessary legal procedures, and the judgment for major loss should be based on the calculation until the time of accreditation and investigation